James River Announces Third Quarter 2019 Results


  • Third Quarter 2019 Net Loss of $25.2 million -- $0.83 per diluted share and Adjusted Net Operating Loss of $22.2 million -- $0.73 per diluted share
  • 72% growth in Core (Non-Commercial Auto) Excess and Surplus Lines ("E&S") Gross Written Premium versus the prior year quarter
  • Tangible Equity per Share of $18.09, an increase of 16% from year-end 2018, inclusive of dividends
  • Net Investment Income of $17.9 million, an increase of 9%, or $1.5 million, over the prior year quarter
  • As previously disclosed, during the quarter, there was $50 million of unfavorable development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, driven by one large account (Rasier LLC) in two prior underwriting years and $8 million of unfavorable development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment
  • The Company announced that its Board of Directors declared its regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per common share payable on Tuesday, December 31, 2019 to all shareholders of record on December 16, 2019

PEMBROKE, Bermuda, Nov. 06, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- James River Group Holdings, Ltd. ("James River" or the "Company") (NASDAQ: JRVR) today reported third quarter 2019 net loss of $25.2 million ($0.83 per diluted share), compared to net income of $19.6 million ($0.64 per diluted share) for the third quarter of 2018.  Adjusted net operating loss for the third quarter of 2019 was $22.2 million ($0.73 per diluted share), compared to adjusted net operating income of $19.4 million ($0.64 per diluted share) for the same period in 2018.

    
 Earnings Per Diluted ShareThree Months Ended
September 30,

 
  2019 2018
  
        
 Net (Loss) Income$(0.83) $0.64  
 Adjusted Net Operating (Loss) Income 1$(0.73) $0.64  
     
 1 See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures" below.        
 

J. Adam Abram, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, commented, “At the beginning of October, we announced the early termination, effective December 31, 2019, of all insurance policies issued to our largest client. The results from this account were not consistent with our focus on underwriting profit. Our core Excess and Surplus Lines business, where we have earned compelling returns for many years, and our fronting business within our Specialty Admitted segment present us with superior opportunities to put capital to work. The most recent quarter was the 10th consecutive quarter in which we enjoyed renewal rate increases in the core E&S book (up 3.2%). New business pricing has also been strong.

We also have attractive opportunities to grow our fronting business within our Specialty Admitted segment.”

Third Quarter 2019 Operating Results

  • Gross written premium of $388.2 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018 % Change
 
 Excess and Surplus Lines$241,045  $157,237  53% 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance100,459  98,607  2% 
 Casualty Reinsurance46,724  24,125  94% 
  $388,228  $279,969  39% 
  • Net written premium of $223.9 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018 % Change
 
 Excess and Surplus Lines$171,715  $135,141  27% 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance14,570  14,022  4% 
 Casualty Reinsurance37,584  24,278  55% 
  $223,869  $173,441  29% 
  • Net earned premium of $213.4 million, consisting of the following:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018 % Change
 
 Excess and Surplus Lines$164,759  $141,529  16% 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance14,242  13,898  2% 
 Casualty Reinsurance34,373  49,263  (30)% 
  $213,374  $204,690  4% 
  • The Excess and Surplus Lines segment gross written premium and net written premium increased principally due to 72% growth in core (non-commercial auto) lines gross written premium and 61% growth in core lines net written premium, as all twelve core underwriting divisions grew.  The Commercial Auto division also contributed to the segment's increase in gross written premium, growing 35% over the prior year quarter, although this division's net written premium only increased 3% over the prior year quarter given the impact of reinsurance on the Commercial Auto book, incepting March 1, 2019;
  • The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment gross written premium and net written premium increased as a result of increased individual risk Workers' Compensation premium.  Premium from the fronting business was essentially flat versus the prior year quarter due to previously discussed rate declines in the Company's largest fronted arrangement.  Year to date, the segment has added four new fronting transactions, representing expected annual gross written premium of over $50 million.  The Company generally retains about 10% of its fronted gross written premium;
  • Net earned premium in our Casualty Reinsurance segment decreased from the prior year quarter, which was in line with our expectations and is consistent with our planned reductions for the segment that commenced last year.  Gross written premium and net written premium increased significantly from the prior year quarter in the Casualty Reinsurance segment due to selected growth in some of the Company's renewed treaties and the inception of a fronted treaty (a 100% cession with no retained underwriting risk);
  • There was overall unfavorable reserve development of $57.0 million compared to unfavorable reserve development of $12.2 million in the prior year quarter (representing a 26.7 and 6.0 percentage point increase to the Company’s loss ratio in the periods, respectively);
  • Pre-tax (unfavorable) favorable reserve development by segment was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,

 
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018
 
 Excess and Surplus Lines$(50,030) $(10,401) 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance1,000  833  
 Casualty Reinsurance(7,941) (2,651) 
  $(56,971) $(12,219) 
  • The reserve development in the quarter included $50.0 million of adverse development in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, driven by the 2016 and 2017 accident years of its commercial auto line.  The Specialty Admitted Insurance segment experienced $1.0 million of favorable development in its workers' compensation business. The Company also experienced $7.9 million of adverse development in the Casualty Reinsurance segment, offset partially by commission slide adjustments;
  • Group combined ratio of 118.8% versus 96.0% in the prior year quarter;
  • Group expense ratio of 18.5% improved from 22.5% in the prior year quarter, driven by a larger portion of our consolidated net earned premium coming from the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, which has significant scale and a lower expense ratio than our other segments, and a reduction to sliding scale commissions in the Casualty Reinsurance segment;
  • Gross fee income by segment was as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018 % Change
 
 Excess and Surplus Lines$2,169  $2,998  (28)% 
 Specialty Admitted Insurance3,958  3,815  4% 
  $6,127  $6,813  (10)% 
  • Fee income in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment decreased from its level in the prior year quarter as revenue from certain contracts that were previously fee for services revenue is now recognized as gross written premium due to insurance now being a component of these contracts.  Fee income in the Specialty Admitted Insurance segment increased as a result of the continued growth of its fronting business during the previous twelve months;
  • Net investment income was $17.9 million, an increase of 9% from the prior year quarter.  Further details can be found in the "Investment Results" section below.

Investment Results

Net investment income for the third quarter of 2019 was $17.9 million, which compares to $16.4 million for the same period in 2018.  The increase was due to a larger fixed maturity portfolio size.

The Company’s net investment income consisted of the following:

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
 ($ in thousands)2019 2018 % Change
 
 Renewable Energy Investments$1,602  $329  387% 
 Other Private Investments(217) 1,402  -
 All Other Net Investment Income16,493  14,679  12% 
 Total Net Investment Income$17,878  $16,410  9% 
             

The Company’s annualized gross investment yield on average fixed maturity, bank loan and equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 3.9% (versus 4.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018) and the average duration of the fixed maturity and bank loan portfolio was 3.5 years at September 30, 2019 (versus 3.4 years at December 31, 2018 and 3.6 years at  September 30, 2018).  Renewable energy and other private investments produced an annualized return of 8.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 (9.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018).  The portfolios are concentrated and the renewable energy portion in particular can be heavily influenced by portfolio sales and valuation factors, among other attributes.  Collectively they represent less than 4% of invested assets as of September 30, 2019.

On October 8, 2019, the Company announced that it delivered a notice of early cancellation, effective December 31, 2019, of all insurance policies issued to its largest customer, Rasier LLC and its affiliates. Subsequent to delivering the notice of early cancellation, and as permitted under the indemnity agreements with this group of insured parties (non-insurance entities), the Company withdrew $1,170.7 million from the collateral trust arrangement that was established in favor of the Company by a captive insurance company affiliate of the insured group. The collateral funds may be used to reimburse the Company for a significant portion of the losses and loss adjustment expenses paid on behalf of the insured parties and other expenses incurred by the Company.  These funds have been invested in short term U.S. Government securities.

Taxes

Generally the Company's effective tax rate fluctuates from period to period based on the relative mix of income reported by country and the respective tax rates imposed by each tax jurisdiction.  The Company had a tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2019, driven by the pre-tax loss for the quarter.  The tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 was 22.4% and 9.6%, respectively.  The tax rate is elevated for the nine month year to date period due to changes in reserve estimates in prior accident years which did not generate significant tax benefits.  The Company expects that its full year 2019 tax rate will likely approximate  the year to date rate.

Tangible Equity

Tangible equity before dividends increased 17.9% from $489.9 million at December 31, 2018 to $577.6 million at September 30, 2019, principally due to $17.9 million of net income, $50.4 million of after tax unrealized gains in the Company's fixed income investment portfolio, $8.3 million for derecognition of a build-to-suit lease and $10.7 million of option exercise activity and stock compensation.

September 30, 2019 tangible equity of $550.0 million after dividends increased 12.3% from $489.9 million at December 31, 2018.  Tangible equity per common share was $18.09 at September 30, 2019, net of $0.90 of dividends per share the Company paid during the first nine months of 2019.  The year-to-date annualized adjusted net operating income return on average tangible equity was 4.9%, which compares to 14.8% for the same period in 2018.

Capital Management

The Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.30 per common share. This dividend is payable on Tuesday, December 31, 2019 to all shareholders of record on Monday, December 16, 2019.

Conference Call

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. will hold a conference call to discuss its third quarter results tomorrow, November 7, 2019, at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Investors may access the conference call by dialing (877) 930-8055, Conference ID# 9952518, or via the internet by visiting www.jrgh.net and clicking on the “Investor Relations” link. Please access the website at least 15 minutes early to register and download any necessary audio software. A replay of the call will be available until 11:00 a.m. (Eastern Time) on December 7, 2019 and can be accessed by dialing (855) 859-2056 or by visiting the company website.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, such forward-looking statements may be identified by terms such as believe, expect, seek, may, will, intend, project, anticipate, plan, estimate, guidance or similar words. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.  Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others, the following: the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves and the possibility that incurred losses may be greater than our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves; inaccurate estimates and judgments in our risk management may expose us to greater risks than intended; the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees and our ability to attract and retain personnel; adverse economic factors resulting in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in the frequency or severity of claims, or both; a decline in our financial strength rating resulting in a reduction of new or renewal business; reliance on a select group of brokers and agents for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships; reliance on a select group of customers for a significant portion of our business and the impact of our potential failure to maintain such relationships; losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims, insurance companies with whom we have a fronting arrangement failing to pay us for claims, or an insured group of companies with whom we have an indemnification arrangement failing to perform their reimbursement obligations; changes in laws or government regulation, including tax or insurance law and regulations; the ongoing effect of Public Law No. 115-97, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which may have a significant effect on us including, among other things, by potentially increasing our tax rate, as well as on our shareholders; in the event we do not qualify for the insurance company exception to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules and are therefore considered a PFIC, there could be material adverse tax consequences to an investor that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation; the Company or any of its foreign subsidiaries becoming subject to U.S. federal income taxation; a failure of any of the loss limitations or exclusions we utilize to shield us from unanticipated financial losses or legal exposures, or other liabilities; losses from catastrophic events which substantially exceed our expectations and/or exceed the amount of reinsurance we have purchased to protect us from such events; potential effects on our business of emerging claim and coverage issues; exposure to credit risk, interest rate risk and other market risk in our investment portfolio; our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk and adequately protect our company against financial loss; the potential impact of internal or external fraud, operational errors, systems malfunctions or cyber security incidents; our ability to manage our growth effectively; inadequacy of premiums we charge to compensate us for our losses incurred; failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended; and changes in our financial condition, regulations or other factors that may restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to pay us dividends. Additional information about these risks and uncertainties, as well as others that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, is contained in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In presenting James River Group Holdings, Ltd.’s results, management has included financial measures that are not calculated under standards or rules that comprise accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Such measures, including underwriting profit, adjusted net operating income, tangible equity, adjusted net operating return on average tangible equity (which is calculated as annualized adjusted net operating income divided by the average tangible equity for the trailing four quarters), and pre-dividend tangible equity per share, are referred to as non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures may be defined or calculated differently by other companies. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of such measures to the most comparable GAAP figures are included at the end of this press release.

About James River Group Holdings, Ltd.

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Bermuda-based insurance holding company which owns and operates a group of specialty insurance and reinsurance companies. The Company operates in three specialty property-casualty insurance and reinsurance segments: Excess and Surplus Lines, Specialty Admitted Insurance and Casualty Reinsurance. Each of the Company’s regulated insurance subsidiaries are rated “A” (Excellent) by A.M. Best Company.

Visit James River Group Holdings, Ltd. on the web at www.jrgh.net


James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Unaudited)

 

September 30,
2019
 December 31,
2018
  
 ($ in thousands, except for share data)
ASSETS   
Invested assets:   
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale$1,377,323  $1,184,202 
Equity securities, at fair value88,840  78,385 
Bank loan participations, held-for-investment249,907  260,972 
Short-term investments49,884  81,966 
Other invested assets65,864  72,321 
Total invested assets1,831,818  1,677,846 
    
Cash and cash equivalents256,302  172,457 
Accrued investment income13,603  11,110 
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances360,587  307,899 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses614,827  467,371 
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses40,822  18,344 
Deferred policy acquisition costs60,970  54,450 
Goodwill and intangible assets218,921  219,368 
Other assets263,066  207,931 
Total assets$3,660,916  $3,136,776 
    
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses$1,941,307  $1,661,459 
Unearned premiums510,109  386,473 
Senior debt98,300  118,300 
Junior subordinated debt104,055  104,055 
Accrued expenses57,637  51,792 
Other liabilities180,539  105,456 
Total liabilities2,891,947  2,427,535 
    
Total shareholders’ equity768,969  709,241 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$3,660,916  $3,136,776 
    
Tangible equity (a)$550,048  $489,873 
Tangible equity per common share outstanding (a)$18.09  $16.34 
Total shareholders’ equity per common share
  outstanding
$25.29  $23.65 
Common shares outstanding30,401,270  29,988,460 
(a)  See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures”.   


James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Income Statement Data
(Unaudited)

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
  
 ($ in thousands, except for share data)
REVENUES       
Gross written premiums$388,228  $279,969  $1,095,565  $871,463 
Net written premiums223,869  173,441  671,520  573,025 
        
Net earned premiums213,374  204,690  602,640  613,842 
Net investment income17,878  16,410  54,844  45,801 
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments (a)(2,357) 467  331  (407)
Other income2,579  3,125  8,160  11,841 
Total revenues231,474  224,692  665,975  671,077 
        
EXPENSES       
Losses and loss adjustment expenses214,084  150,387  501,064  448,754 
Other operating expenses41,692  49,180  132,287  155,714 
Other expenses372  (131) 1,055  (34)
Interest expense2,594  2,991  8,086  8,459 
Amortization of intangible assets149  149  447  447 
Total expenses258,891  202,576  642,939  613,340 
(Loss) income before taxes(27,417) 22,116  23,036  57,737 
Income tax (benefit) expense(2,250) 2,535  5,168  5,539 
NET (LOSS) INCOME$(25,167) $19,581  $17,868  $52,198 
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME (b)$(22,208) $19,402  $19,682  $53,540 
        
(LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE       
Basic$(0.83) $0.65  $0.59  $1.75 
Diluted$(0.83) $0.64  $0.58  $1.72 
        
ADJUSTED NET OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE      
Basic$(0.73) $0.65  $0.65  $1.79 
Diluted$(0.73) $0.64  $0.64  $1.77 
        
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:       
Basic30,382,105  29,935,216  30,230,490  29,861,467 
Diluted30,382,105  30,380,145  30,659,389  30,290,183 
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.30  $0.30  $0.90  $0.90 
        
Ratios:       
Loss ratio100.3% 73.5% 83.1% 73.1%
Expense ratio (c)18.5% 22.5% 20.8% 23.5%
Combined ratio118.8% 96.0% 103.9% 96.6%
Accident year loss ratio73.6% 67.5% 73.1% 71.2%
            
(a) Includes gains of $3.3 million and $8.7 million for the change in net unrealized gains/losses on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2016-01 (gains of $494,000 and losses of $695,000 for the respective prior year periods).
(b) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".
(c) Calculated with a numerator comprising other operating expenses less gross fee income of the Excess and Surplus Lines segment and a denominator of net earned premiums.


James River Group Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Segment Results

EXCESS AND SURPLUS LINES

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
 2019 2018 %
Change
 2019 2018 %
Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
  
Gross written premiums$241,045  $157,237  53.3% $687,871  $490,121  40.3%
Net written premiums$171,715  $135,141  27.1% $522,200  $432,307  20.8%
            
Net earned premiums$164,759  $141,529  16.4% $457,352  $410,627  11.4%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(176,154) (111,292) 58.3% (399,996) (321,518) 24.4%
Underwriting expenses(17,956) (18,935) (5.2)% (57,795) (56,391) 2.5%
Underwriting (loss) profit (a), (b)$(29,351) $11,302    $(439) $32,718   
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio106.9% 78.6%   87.5% 78.3%  
Expense ratio10.9% 13.4%   12.6% 13.7%  
Combined ratio117.8% 92.0%   100.1% 92.0%  
Accident year loss ratio76.6% 71.3%   76.3% 76.1%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
(b) Underwriting results include fee income of $2.2 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively ($3.0 million and $11.5 million for the respective prior year periods). These amounts are included in “Other income” in our Condensed Consolidated Income Statements.

SPECIALTY ADMITTED INSURANCE

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
 2019 2018 % Change 2019 2018 % Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
  
Gross written premiums$100,459  $98,607  1.9% $292,884  $283,108  3.5%
Net written premiums$14,570  $14,022  3.9% $43,625  $42,327  3.1%
            
Net earned premiums$14,242  $13,898  2.5% $39,688  $41,504  (4.4)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(9,481) (8,246) 15.0% (25,085) (25,283) (0.8)%
Underwriting expenses(3,924) (3,883) 1.1% (10,845) (11,841) (8.4)%
Underwriting profit (a), (b)$837  $1,769  (52.7)% $3,758  $4,380  (14.2)%
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio66.6% 59.3%   63.2% 60.9%  
Expense ratio27.5% 28.0%   27.3% 28.5%  
Combined ratio94.1% 87.3%   90.5% 89.4%  
Accident year loss ratio73.6% 65.3%   73.9% 66.5%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
(b) Underwriting results include fee income of $4.0 million and $11.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively ($3.8 million and $10.9 million for the respective prior year periods).

CASUALTY REINSURANCE

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  
 2019 2018 % Change 2019 2018 % Change
  
 ($ in thousands)
  
Gross written premiums$46,724  $24,125  93.7% $114,810  $98,234  16.9%
Net written premiums$37,584  $24,278  54.8% $105,695  $98,391  7.4%
            
Net earned premiums$34,373  $49,263  (30.2)% $105,600  $161,711  (34.7)%
Losses and loss adjustment expenses(28,449) (30,849) (7.8)% (75,983) (101,953) (25.5)%
Underwriting expenses(10,212) (16,838) (39.4)% (33,678) (54,709) (38.4)%
Underwriting (loss) profit (a)$(4,288) $1,576    $(4,061) $5,049   
            
Ratios:           
Loss ratio82.8% 62.6%   72.0% 63.0%  
Expense ratio29.7% 34.2%   31.8% 33.9%  
Combined ratio112.5% 96.8%   103.8% 96.9%  
Accident year loss ratio59.7% 57.2%   59.4% 60.0%  
            
(a) See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures".          
           

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Underwriting Profit

The following table reconciles the underwriting profit (loss) by individual operating segment and for the entire Company to consolidated income before taxes. We believe that these measures are useful to investors in evaluating the performance of our Company and its operating segments because our objective is to consistently earn underwriting profits.  We evaluate the performance of our operating segments and allocate resources based primarily on underwriting profit of operating segments.  Our definition of underwriting profit of operating segments and underwriting profit may not be comparable to that of other companies.

    
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
  
 (in thousands)
Underwriting (loss) profit of the operating segments:       
Excess and Surplus Lines$(29,351) $11,302  $(439) $32,718 
Specialty Admitted Insurance837  1,769  3,758  4,380 
Casualty Reinsurance(4,288) 1,576  (4,061) 5,049 
Total underwriting (loss) profit of operating segments(32,802) 14,647  (742) 42,147 
Other operating expenses of the Corporate and Other segment(7,302) (6,526) (22,641) (21,264)
Underwriting (loss) profit (a)(40,104) 8,121  (23,383) 20,883 
Net investment income17,878  16,410  54,844  45,801 
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on investments (b)(2,357) 467  331  (407)
Other (expenses) and income(91) 258  (223) 366 
Interest expense(2,594) (2,991) (8,086) (8,459)
Amortization of intangible assets(149) (149) (447) (447)
Consolidated (loss) income before taxes$(27,417) $22,116  $23,036  $57,737 
        
(a)  Included in underwriting results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is fee income of $6.1 million and $18.7 million, respectively ($6.8 million and $22.4 million for the respective prior year periods).
(b)  Includes gains of $3.3 million and $8.7 million for the change in net unrealized gains/losses on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2016-01 (gains of $494,000 and losses of $695,000 for the respective prior year periods).
 

Adjusted Net Operating Income

We define adjusted net operating income as net income excluding net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (net realized investment gains (losses) and the change in unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities per the adoption of ASU 2016-01), as well as non-operating expenses including those that relate to due diligence costs for various merger and acquisition activities, professional fees related to the filing of registration statements for the sale of our securities, costs associated with former employees and interest and other expenses on a leased building that we were previously deemed to own for accounting purposes. We use adjusted net operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance.  Adjusted net operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and our definition of adjusted net operating income may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Our income before taxes and net income reconciles to our adjusted net operating income as follows:

  
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2019 2018
 Income
Before Taxes

 Net Loss  Income
Before Taxes
  Net Income 
  
 (in thousands)
  
(Loss) income as reported$(27,417) $(25,167) $22,116  $19,581 
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments (a)2,357  2,665  (467) (397)
Other expenses372  294  (131) (101)
Interest expense on leased building the Company is deemed to own for accounting purposes    404  319 
Adjusted net operating (loss) income$(24,688) $(22,208) $21,922  $19,402 
        
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2019 
  2018 
 Income
Before Taxes
  Net Income  Income
Before Taxes
  Net Income 
  
 (in thousands) 
  
Income as reported$23,036  $17,868  $57,737  $52,198 
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments (a)(331) 980  407  366 
Other expenses1,055  834  (34) 45 
Interest expense on leased building the Company was previously deemed to own for accounting purposes    1,179  931 
Adjusted net operating income$23,760  $19,682  $59,289  $53,540 
        
(a)  Includes gains of $3.3 million and $8.7 million for the change in net unrealized gains/losses on equity securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in accordance with ASU 2016-01 (gains of $494,000 and losses of $695,000 for the respective prior year periods).
 

Tangible Equity (per Share) and Pre-Dividend Tangible Equity (per Share)

We define tangible equity as shareholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets (net of amortization).  Our definition of tangible equity may not be comparable to that of other companies, and it should not be viewed as a substitute for shareholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP.  We use tangible equity internally to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure.  The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity to tangible equity for September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018, and September 30, 2018 and reconciles tangible equity to tangible equity before dividends for September 30, 2019.

      
 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 September 30, 2018
($ in thousands, except for share data)Equity Equity per
share
 Equity Equity per
share
 Equity Equity per
share
Shareholders' equity$768,969  $25.29  $709,241  $23.65  $697,408  $23.29 
Goodwill and intangible assets218,921  7.2  219,368  7.31  219,718  7.34 
Tangible equity$550,048  $18.09  $489,873  $16.34  $477,690  $15.95 
Dividends to shareholders for the nine months ended
September 30, 2019
27,557  0.9         
Pre-dividend tangible equity$577,605  $18.99         
                         

            

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