Centerra Gold Records Net Earnings of $20.0 million or $0.07 per Common Share, Adjusted Net Earnings (Non-GAAP) of $46.4 million or $0.16 per Common Share and Cash from Operations of $121.1 million

All figures are in United States dollars and all production figures are on a 100% basis unless otherwise stated. This news release contains forward looking information regarding Centerra’s business and operations. See “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information”. 


TORONTO, May 01, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Centerra Gold Inc. (“Centerra” or the “Company”) (TSX: CG) today reported first quarter 2020 results. Key events and operating results of the first quarter included:

  • Net earnings of $20.0 million and adjusted net earningsNG of $46.4 million, $0.07 and $0.16 per common share, respectively.
  • Cash flow from operations was $121.1 million.
  • Production totalled 190,474 ounces of gold, including pre-commercial ounces from Öksüt, and 20.1 million pounds of copper.
  • Production costs per ounce of gold sold were $423 per ounce.
  • Production costs per pound of copper sold were $1.34 per pound.
  • All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce soldNG were $712 per ounce.
  • Cash net of debt position of $57.8  million at quarter end, includes cash of $193.8 million. As at March 31, 2020, the Company had $136 million drawn on its Corporate credit facility with total liquidity of $557.8 million.
  • COVID-19 update: Kumtor operating at targeted levels for both mill and mining production, Öksüt open pit mining recommenced mid-April after a two-week period of reduced manpower, Mount Milligan expected to return to targeted levels in the first half of May after reducing manpower on April 6 and completing a scheduled two-week shutdown for process plant maintenance. The Company continues to comply with government regulations relating to COVID-19 as well as take steps to ensure safety of personnel and continuity of operations, including supply chains.
  • No change to 2020 guidance. To date the COVID-19 pandemic has not resulted in any material impact on Centerra’s operations and the Company currently does not expect it will impact its 2020 production. However, the potential effects of COVID-19 are unpredictable, and the Company continues to monitor the situation at each of its sites and take steps to prevent or minimize any effects the pandemic may have.
  • Dividend of C$0.04 per common share approved April 30, 2020, payable on June 4, 2020 to shareholders of record on May 21, 2020.

All references in this document denoted with NG, indicate a non-GAAP term which is discussed under “Non-GAAP Measures” and reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Commentary

Scott Perry, President and Chief Executive Officer of Centerra stated, “During the current outbreak of COVID-19, we are consciously taking the necessary precautionary measures to prevent the spread and ensure the health, safety and well-being of our employees, contractors and communities. We have also celebrated a recent safety milestone, when on April 19, 2020, Öksüt achieved one year without a lost time injury. Our continued commitment to Work Safe Home Safe is a driving force behind achieving such milestones.”

“The strong operating performance at Kumtor and Mount Milligan in the fourth quarter of 2019 has carried over into the first quarter of 2020. These two operations delivered consolidated gold production of 185,988 ounces at all-in sustaining costsNG on a by-product basis of $712 per ounce sold in the quarter. Kumtor had another strong quarter producing 152,307 ounces of gold production at all-in-sustaining costsNG on a by-product basis of $644 per ounce sold. Mount Milligan produced 33,681 ounces of gold and 20.1 million pounds of copper at all-in-sustaining costsNG on a by-product basis of $901 per ounce sold. Öksüt poured its first gold in January and produced 4,486 ounces in the quarter as it transitioned from construction into operations.  In aggregate our three operations delivered consolidated gold production of 190,474 ounces.”

“During the quarter, Kumtor continued to operate at its planned production rates, with the process plant continuing to operate at approximately 18,000 tonnes per day processing stockpiled ore. In response to COVID-19, the site has extended the crew rotation schedule from the usual two-week rotation up to four weeks, replacement crews are brought in early and segregated; they are thoroughly screened prior to a crew change and the various crews are separated by department when on site.”

“At Mount Milligan, we did announce a two-week reduction in process plant throughput with a significant reduction in manpower related to mining activities as a precautionary action related to preventing the spread of COVID-19. The process plant continued to process stockpiled material before we commenced a scheduled two-week maintenance shutdown of the process plant. We have completed the scheduled mill maintenance and are ramping back up to full capacity. The spring melt has now commenced which will facilitate a significant water draw and is expected to provide more than sufficient levels of water to run at full capacity through the year as planned.”

“In Turkey, at Öksüt, we ceased mining activities on March 31, 2020, in response to the Turkish Government initiatives aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19. During that time, we continued to stack ore onto the heap leach pad, continued to irrigate the pad and operated the ADR plant. After a two-week period, in compliance with Turkish Government requirements, we brought back the mining crew to re-commence mining and to continue ramping-up the site to full operations.”

“Presently, we are experiencing favourable currency exchange rates in the countries we operate in, as well as low diesel prices which are expected to benefit the cost structure at our operations. In late April 2020, the hedging committee approved an expansion of the Company’s hedging policies for both diesel and Canadian dollar hedging for a period up to 24 months, previously limited to a 12-month period. This increased coverage will enable our Kumtor and Mount Milligan operations to continue to benefit in the medium term from current diesel prices and the Canadian exchange rate.”

“Financially, the Company generated $121.1 million of cash from operations for the first three months of 2020, which includes $134.3 million from Kumtor and $27.2 million from Mount Milligan. During the first three months of 2020, Kumtor and Mount Milligan delivered free cash flowNG of $96 million and $22 million, respectively. Company-wide, free cash flow NG in the first quarter of 2020 was $77 million and we finished the quarter with a cash net of debt position of $57.8 million and liquidity of $557.8 million.”

“Based on the Company’s financial position, recent strong operating results and cash flows, the Board approved on April 30, 2020 a dividend of C$0.04 per share.”

COVID-19 Update

Centerra continues to prioritize the health, safety and well-being of its employees, contractors, communities, and other stakeholders during the current outbreak of COVID-19 and to take steps to minimize the effect of the pandemic on its business.

The Company undertook a significant reduction of manpower and operations at the Öksüt Project on March 31, 2020 for a two-week period. This decision was taken in response to Turkish government initiatives aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19. The reduction resulted in the suspension of open pit mining activities, though limited crews remained on site to place ore on the heap leach pad, to operate the Adsorption-Desorption-Recovery (“ADR”) plant and to perform essential site services. Mining operations recommenced in mid-April 2020, though operating on the weekend is subject to weekly approvals (which have been obtained to date).

At Mount Milligan, as a precautionary measure, the mine reduced its activities and subsequently the process plant undertook a two-week planned maintenance shutdown. Operations of the process plant restarted in late April and mine operations are expected to ramp up production in mid-May.

Kumtor operations have continued with the support of the Kyrgyz Republic Government. Kumtor has implemented a number of proactive measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 such as extending mine site crew rotations to four-weeks compared to two-weeks and separating key process plant personnel from mining crews.

All other sites have also implemented a number of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and ensure the safety of their respective employees, contractors, communities and other stakeholders, including developing detailed plans in case a reduction in or cessation of operations becomes necessary. Centerra’s sites are complying with all government regulation relating to COVID-19.

On April 28, 2020, a Kemess employee informed the Company they had tested positive for COVID-19 while on break from site. The employee was last present at the Kemess site on April 16, 2020. As an immediate measure, Kemess employees and relevant health authorities, including the Northern Health Authority of British Columbia, have been informed and the Company has activated protocols to limit the spread of the virus. The Company is also investigating when the employee may have contracted the virus and whether other individuals may have been exposed. To date, there are limited confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Issyk-Kul district of the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Kayseri province of Turkey, where the Kumtor Mine and the Öksüt Mine are located, and from where they source their main workforce. To date, there have been limited reported cases in the Prince George area of British Columbia from which the Mount Milligan Mine sources some of its workforce. To ensure appropriate social distancing, the Company has temporarily closed its head office in Toronto, Ontario and regional offices in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Prince George, British Columbia and Ankara, Turkey and has asked its workforce to operate remotely. The Company is continuously monitoring information published by the Public Health Agency of Canada, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and other guidance released from relevant government agencies.

In addition, Centerra has taken a series of measures to provide its employees with accurate information, help prevent infection and reduce the potential transmission of COVID-19. These include activation of a global crisis management team, frequent communication with and compassionate support of all our people, a complete prohibition on employee travel, strict protocols for access to and from work at operating sites, including temperature checks and interviews upon entry, increased cleaning and hygiene protocols, modifications to work shifts and accommodations at site.

In addition to the above precautionary measures, operating mine sites continue to assess the resiliency of their supply chains, increasing mine site inventories of key materials and developing contingency plans to allow for continued operations.

The Company notes that the situation is fluid and has been changing rapidly. The measures enacted reflect the Company’s best assessment at this time but will remain flexible and be revised as necessary or advisable and/or as recommended by the public health and governmental authorities. There can be no assurance that future events or circumstances relating to COVID-19 will not disrupt ongoing operations or affect 2020 guidance.

Exploration Update

Exploration activities in the first quarter of 2020 included drilling, surface sampling, geological mapping and geophysical surveying at the Company’s various projects (including earn-in properties), targeting gold and copper mineralization in Canada, Mexico, Turkey, Finland, USA and Kyrgyzstan. Exploration expenditures totaled $7.8  million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $5.0 million in the same quarter of 2019. The Company’s 2020 exploration program is primarily focused on brownfield exploration at Kumtor, Mount Milligan, and Öksüt.

Drill programs at Mount Milligan and Kumtor were suspended in March and early April, respectively, to reduce manpower at sites in response to COVID-19. The Company expects the drilling (including at Öksüt) to resume later in the second quarter of 2020. 

Brownfield Exploration

Kumtor Mine

The drilling program for 2020 includes 55,000 metres of exploration and 15,000 metres of infill drilling, which are focused on priority and high potential targets. Primary targets include various zones of the Central, Southwestern and Sarytor pits where a recently updated Kumtor resource block model, based on enhanced geological modelling and positive drilling results between 2018 and 2019, demonstrated substantial growth in measured, indicated and inferred resources.

In addition, exploration drilling is expected to resume in the underexplored segments of the Kumtor Gold Trend – the NE Targets, Bordoo, Akbel and conceptual targets (Hope Zone and others).

During the first quarter of 2020, exploration drilling programs continued with the completion of fifty-three diamond drill holes for 13,816 metres and eighteen reverse circulation (RC) drill holes for 2,037 metres. Exploration drilling focused on testing zones of sulfide and oxide mineralization near the surface for additional open pit resources, at the corridor between the Central and Southwest pits (Hockey Stick and Kosholuu zones), on the periphery of the Sarytor Pit, Northeast targets, Muzdusuu area and also on the northeast side of the Central Pit.

Central Pit
In the Hockey Stick Zone, four exploration drill holes for 885 metres were completed. The best intercepts are as follows:

D2009  7.2 metres @ 1.86 g/t Gold (“Au”) from 101.8 metres
  1.0 metres @ 2.32 g/t Au from 120.5 metres
10.2 metres @ 1.00 g/t Au from 136.0 metres
  9.8 metres @ 1.06 g/t Au from 159.4 metres

In the northeast wall of the Central Pit, six exploration drill holes for 1,472 metres were completed in the quarter. Significant intersections are reported below:

D2039A9.0 metres @ 1.04 g/t Au from 63.2 metres

Southwest Area
In the first quarter of 2020, a total of twenty-one diamond drill holes were completed in the Southwest area for a total of 5,230 metres.

Seventeen drill holes have been completed between Southwest and Central pits on the Hope Zone for a total of 3,195 metres. Results from recent drilling have delineated a lens-shaped oxide gold mineralization. This mineralization extends along the hanging wall of the Kumtor lower thrust for more than 400 metres. The mineralization is partially eroded in the eastern direction and is still open to the west. Maximum thickness of the oxide mineralization is around 25 metres. Recent drilling results indicate new potential oxide areas that require further exploration. Results for most of the first quarter of 2020 drilling is pending and selected  intercepts to date are highlighted below:

SW-19-29529.2 metres @ 4.76 g/t Au from 165.8 metres
             Including 13.0 metres @ 9.61 g/t Au from 175.8 metres
SW-19-30128.6 meters @ 10.33 g/t Au from 61.4 metres
             Including 6.3 metres @ 21.49 g/t Au from 71.1 metres

In the Kosholuu Zone, four drill holes were completed for a total of 2,035 metres. Assay results are not yet available. Several pervasive alteration zones were intersected in hole SW-20-320. The combined width of the mineralized intervals is about 50 meters.

Sarytor Area

In the Sarytor Area, eleven drill holes were completed for a total of 3,426 metres. Drilling has intersected strong mineralization in all holes. Selected best intersections are reported below.

SR-19-22930.6 metres @ 2.01 g/t Au from 341.3 metres
             Including 7.6 metres @ 4.27 g/t Au from 264.3 metres
SR-19-23050.3 metres @ 1.46 g/t Au from 176.7 metres
             Including 3.7 metres @ 3.00 g/t Au from 222.3 metres
6.0 metres @ 1.66 g/t Au from 256.0 metres
SR-19-2315.7 metres @ 1.56 g/t Au from 181.4 metres
36.5 metres @ 2.47 g/t Au from 193.6 metres
             Including 9.7 metres @ 5.13 g/t Au from 220.4 metres
SR-20-23441.2 metres @ 2.69 g/t Au from 197.7 metres
             Including 3.8 metres @ 5.68 g/t Au from 13.2 metres
SR-20-23824.3 metres @ 3.34 g/t Au from 200.5 metres
             Including 5.0m @ 8.96 g/t Au from 217.1 metres
17.3 metres @ 3.49 g/t Au from 230.8 metres
  5.0 metres @ 2.55 g/t Au from 253.2 metres
SR-20-23936.1 metres @ 2.51 g/t Au from 226.1 metres
             Including 4.2m @ 5.54 g/t Au from 226.1 metres
SR-20-24049.1 metres @ 3.24 g/t Au from 229.0-278.1 metres
             Including 7.8m @ 6.69 g/t Au from 231.2 metres

Northeast Area

In the Northeast Area, one diamond drill hole for 345 metres and eighteen reverse circulation (RC) drill holes for 2,037 metres were completed in the quarter. Results of RC drilling has revealed several intervals of gold mineralization. The most significant results were found in the north-western part of the area where drilling intersected oxide gold mineralization confined to tectonic mélange zone. Selected best intercepts are listed below, but most of the results are not yet available. Further drilling in the Northeast Area will be planned after obtaining results from the holes drilled in the quarter.

DNR202476.0 metres @ 0.95 g/t Au from 0.0 metres
             Including 32.0 metres @ 1.90 g/t Au from 25.0 metres
DNR2031A19.0 metres @ 1.27 g/t Au from 30.0 metres
             Including 7.0 metres @ 2.94 g/t Au from 30.0 metres

Muzdusuu Area

Eleven diamond drill holes were completed in the Muzdusuu Area for a total of 2,458 metres. Drilling in the Muzdusuu Area (outside Central Pit) is designed to explore for oxide gold mineralization along the Kumtor lower thrust. Several drill holes intersected broad intervals (up to 34 metres) of oxidized limestone, which carry low Au values.

DM204334.1 metres @ 0.63 g/t Au from 67.4 metres
             Including 10.8m @ 1.28 g/t Au from 77.2 metres

The above mineralized intercept was calculated using a cut-off grade of 1.0 g/t Au for sulfide and 0.1 g/t Au for oxide mineralization, minimum interval of 4.0 metres and a maximum internal dilution interval of 5.0 metres. Drill collar locations and associated graphics are available at the following link: http://ml.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/628538a8-5aa1-42a4-9bbf-ee8625f76863

Mount Milligan Mine
The 2020 in-pit infill/expansion drilling program at Mount Milligan began in February. Four drill holes were completed during the first quarter totalling 1,659 metres. This included two drill holes in the Rainbow Fault Extension Zone south of the Southern Star deposit, one drill hole in the Saddle Gap between the Saddle and 66 zones, and one drill hole in the Great Eastern Fault Zone. Best assay results returned during the quarter for the first two drill holes are reported below. Results for the remaining drill holes are pending.

Rainbow Fault Extension Zone

20-123596.9 metres @ 0.29 g/t Au, 0.13% Copper (“Cu”) from 232.0 metres
        Including 2.0 metres @ 3.04 g/t Au, 0.86% Cu from 240.0 metres
20-123617.2 metres @ 0.23 g/t Au, 0.08% Cu from 237.0 metres

DDH 20-1235 represents a 210 metre step-out to the south of recent drilling (DDH19-1129) at the southern margin of the Southern Star deposit. The 2020 in-pit infill/expansion and brownfield skid drilling programs are being undertaken within and marginal to the 2017 ultimate pit boundary. The in-pit program consists of approximately forty drill holes (17,500 metres) in five target zones (Southern Star, Saddle, DWBX, WBX and GE Fault). The brownfield program consists of approximately twenty-five drill holes (10,000 metres) in six target zones (South Boundary, RF Extension, SS West, King Richard, Goldmark-Oliver and North Slope/Zone 4).

The above mineralized intercepts were calculated using a cut-off grade of 0.1 g/t Au and a maximum internal dilution interval of 4 metres. Drill collar locations and associated graphics are available at the following link: http://ml.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/628538a8-5aa1-42a4-9bbf-ee8625f76863

A listing of the drill results, drill hole locations and plan map for the Mount Milligan Mine have been filed on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (‘SEDAR’) at www.sedar.com and are available at the Company’s web site www.centerragold.com.

Öksüt Mine
At the Öksüt Mine, planning for the 2020 diamond drilling program was completed in the first quarter of 2020. Subject to the continuing impact of COVID-19, the drilling program is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2020 with three drilling rigs.

Qualified Person & QA/QC – Exploration

Exploration information and other related scientific and technical information in this document regarding the Kumtor Mine were prepared in accordance with the standards of NI 43-101 and were prepared, reviewed, verified and compiled by Boris Kotlyar, a member with the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG), Chief Geologist, Global Exploration with Centerra, who is the qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. Sample preparation, analytical techniques, laboratories used and quality assurance-quality control protocols used during the exploration drilling programs are done as described in the Kumtor Technical Report dated December 31, 2014. The Kumtor deposit is described in the 2019 Annual Information Form and the Kumtor Technical Report, which are both filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.  

Exploration information and other related scientific and technical information in this document regarding the Mount Milligan Mine were prepared in accordance with the standards of NI 43-101 and were prepared, reviewed, verified and compiled by C. Paul Jago, Member of the Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia, Exploration Manager at Centerra’s Mount Milligan Mine, who is the qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. Sample preparation, analytical techniques, laboratories used and quality assurance quality control protocols used during the exploration drilling programs are done consistent with industry standards and independent certified assay labs are used. The Mount Milligan deposit is described in the 2019 Annual Information Form and a technical report dated March 26, 2020 (with an effective date of December 31, 2019) prepared in accordance win NI 43-101, both of which are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.  

Exploration information and other related scientific and technical information in this document regarding the Öksüt Mine were prepared, reviewed, verified and compiled in accordance with NI 43-101 by Mustafa Cihan, Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (AIG), Exploration Manager Turkey at Centerra’s Turkish subsidiary Centerra Madencilik A.Ş., who is the qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. Sample preparation, analytical techniques, laboratories used and quality assurance-quality control protocols used during the exploration drilling programs are done consistent with industry standards and independent certified assay labs are used. The Öksüt deposit is described in Centerra’s most recently filed Annual Information Form and in a technical report dated September 3, 2015 (with an effective date of June 30, 2015) prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 both of which are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

About Centerra
Centerra Gold Inc. is a Canadian-based gold mining company focused on operating, developing, exploring and acquiring gold properties in North America, Asia and other markets worldwide and is the largest Western-based gold producer in Central Asia. Centerra operates two flagship assets, the Kumtor Mine in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Mount Milligan Mine in British Columbia, Canada and now has a third operating gold mine, the 100%-owned Öksüt Mine in Turkey, which began production in January 2020. Centerra's shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) under the symbol CG. The Company is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Conference Call
Centerra invites you to join its 2020 first quarter conference call on Friday, May 1, 2020 at 8:30 AM Eastern Time. The call is open to all investors and the media. To join the call, please dial toll-free in North America 1 (800) 895-8003. International participants may access the call at +1 (212) 231-2909. Results summary slides are available on Centerra Gold’s website at www.centerragold.com. Alternatively, an audio feed webcast will be broadcast live by Intrado and can be accessed live at Centerra Gold’s website at www.centerragold.com. A recording of the call will be available on www.centerragold.com shortly after the call and via telephone until midnight Eastern Time on May 8, 2020 by calling (416) 626-4100 or (800) 558-5253 and using passcode 21958980.

For more information:
John W. Pearson
Vice President, Investor Relations
Centerra Gold Inc.
(416) 204-1953 
john.pearson@centerragold.com

Additional information on Centerra is available on the Company’s web site at www.centerragold.com and at SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Attachment available at the following link: http://ml.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/68b03ec9-cfd1-4431-a70c-999ad7745e08

Management’s Discussion and Analysis
For the Period Ended March 31, 2020

This Management Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) has been prepared as of April 30, 2020, and is intended to provide a review of the financial position and results of operations of Centerra Gold Inc. (“Centerra” or the “Company”) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 in comparison with the corresponding period ended March 31, 2019. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 2020 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). This MD&A should also be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related MD&A and the Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Annual Information Form”). The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 2020, 2019 Annual Report and 2019 Annual Information Form are available at www.centerragold.com and on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com. In addition, this discussion contains forward looking information regarding Centerra’s business and operations. Such forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward looking statements. See “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in this discussion. All dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”), except as otherwise indicated.

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Information contained in this document which are not statements of historical facts, and the documents incorporated by reference herein, may be “forward-looking information” for the purposes of Canadian securities laws. Such forward-looking information involves risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results, performance, prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward looking information. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “contemplate”, “plan”, “intends”, “continue”, “budget”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “schedule”, “understand” and similar expressions identify forward-looking information. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things: the Company’s expectations regarding possible impacts to its operations relating to COVID-19; statements relating to 2020 guidance; timing for resuming full mill and mining operations at the Mount Milligan Mine; future exploration plans; plans for processing stockpiles at Kumtor and Mount Milligan; our estimates for asset retirement obligations (“ARO”); the Company’s expectations regarding having sufficient liquidity for 2020; expected time frame for completing an updated technical report for Kumtor; extending groundwater capacity from the Lower Rainbow Valley and other targets in the vicinity at Mount Milligan, and expectations of capturing significant water runoff during the spring freshet; timing for completing maintenance work at Mount Milligan and returning to full operation; the timing for resuming full operations at the Öksüt Mine following the temporary suspension commenced on March 31, 2020; continued use of mobile crushers to manage high clay content material at the Öksüt Mine; timing for completing the remaining construction at Öksüt Mine and the commissioning the operations; outstanding investigations and litigation involving the Company including the HRS litigation impacting the Mount Milligan Mine, and the litigation involving the Greenstone Gold Property; and future payments of $22 million by Kumtor Gold Company to the Kyrgyz Republic Regional Fund over the next 30 months.  

Forward-looking information is necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Centerra, are inherently subject to significant technical, political, business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Known and unknown factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking information. For a list of known risk factors, please see section titled “Risks Factors” in the Company’s most recently filed Annual Information Form available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
   
There can be no assurances that forward-looking information and statements will prove to be accurate, as many factors and future events, both known and unknown could cause actual results, performance or achievements to vary or differ materially from the results, performance or achievements that are or may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements contained herein or incorporated by reference. Accordingly, all such factors should be considered carefully when making decisions with respect to Centerra, and prospective investors should not place undue reliance on forward looking information. Forward-looking information is as of April 30, 2020. Centerra assumes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, changes in circumstances or any other events affecting such forward-looking information, except as required by applicable law.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Overview 
Consolidated Financial and Operational Highlights 
Overview of Consolidated Results 
2020 Outlook 
Financial Performance 
Balance Sheet Review 
Cash Flow Review
Market Conditions
Financial Instruments
Operating Mines and Facilities
Pre-Development Projects
Quarterly Results – Previous Eight Quarters
Litigation and Contingencies
Accounting Estimates, Policies and Changes
Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Non-GAAP Measures
Qualified Person & QA/QC – Production, Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources
 13
14
15
15
16
18
19
20
22
23
33
34
35
36
36
37
42


Overview

Centerra is a Canadian-based gold mining company focused on operating, developing, exploring, and acquiring gold properties worldwide and is one of the largest Western-based gold producers in Central Asia. Centerra’s principal operations are the Kumtor Gold Mine located in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Mount Milligan Gold-Copper Mine located in British Columbia, Canada, and the Öksüt Gold Mine located in Turkey. The Company has two properties in Canada in the pre-development stage, the Kemess Underground Gold Project and the Greenstone Gold Project (50% ownership), owns exploration properties in Canada, the United States of America and Turkey and has options to acquire exploration joint venture properties in Canada, Finland, Mexico, Turkey, and the United States of America. The Company owns various assets included in its Molybdenum Business Unit consisting of the Langeloth metallurgical processing facility and two mines currently on care and maintenance, the Thompson Creek Mine in the United States of America, and the Endako Mine in British Columbia, Canada (75% ownership).

As of March 31, 2020, Centerra’s significant subsidiaries are as follows:

  CurrentProperty
EntityProperty - LocationStatusOwnership
Kumtor Gold Company (“KGC”)Kumtor Mine - Kyrgyz RepublicOperation100%
Thompson Creek Metals Company Inc.Mount Milligan Mine - CanadaOperation100%
Öksüt Madencilik A.S. (“OMAS”)Öksüt Project - TurkeyCommissioning(1)100%
Langeloth Metallurgical Company LLCLangeloth - United StatesOperation100%
AuRico Metals Inc.Kemess Underground Project - CanadaPre-development100%
Greenstone Gold Mines LPGreenstone Gold Property - CanadaPre-development50%
Thompson Creek Mining Co.Thompson Creek Mine - United StatesCare and Maintenance100%
Thompson Creek Metals Company Inc.Endako Mine - CanadaCare and Maintenance75%
    

 (1)         Commenced production in January 2020

Centerra’s common shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol CG. As of April 30, 2020, there are 293,943,867 common shares issued and outstanding, options to acquire 4,057,003 common shares outstanding under its stock option plan and 1,234,632 units outstanding under its restricted share unit plan (exercisable on a 1:1 basis for common shares).

The Company reports the results of its operations in U.S. dollars, however not all of its costs are incurred in U.S. dollars. As such, the movement in exchange rates between currencies in which the Company incurs costs and the U.S. dollar also impacts reported costs of the Company.

Consolidated Financial and Operational Highlights

Unaudited ($ millions, except as noted)Three months ended March 31,
Financial Highlights 2020  2019 % Change 
Revenue$374.0 $334.0 12%
Production costs 164.6  171.8 (4%)
Standby costs 6.8  - 100%
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 73.0  54.4 34%
Earnings from mine operations 129.6  107.8 20%
        
Net earnings$20.0 $50.4 (60%)
Adjusting items       
- ARO revaluation at sites on Care and Maintenance 26.4  - 0%
Adjusted net earnings (3)$46.4 $50.4 (8%)
        
Cash provided by operations 121.1  118.8 2%
Free cash flow (3) 77.0  57.0 35%
Capital Expenditures - sustaining 14.5  19.8 (27%)
Capital Expenditures - growth and development projects 20.1  25.5 (21%)
Capital Expenditures - stripping 39.9  22.9 74%
        
Total assets$2,792.9 $2,889.3 (3%)
Long-term debt and lease obligation 150.6  156.8 (4%)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 196.0  207.9 (6%)
        
Per Share Data       
Earnings per common share - $ basic (1)$0.07 $0.17 (59%)
Adjusted net earnings per common share - $ basic (1)(3)$0.16 $0.17 (6%)
        
Per Ounce Data (except as noted)       
Average gold spot price ($/oz)(2) 1,582  1,304 21%
Average realized gold price ($/oz)(3)(4) 1,487  1,229 21%
Average copper spot price ($/lb)(2) 2.57  2.80 (8%)
Average realized copper price ($/lb)(3)(4) 1.61  2.49 (35%)
        
Operating Highlights       
Gold produced (oz's) (5) 190,474  183,563 4%
Gold sold (oz's) (5) 203,258  196,451 3%
Payable Copper Produced (000's lbs) 20,072  11,440 75%
Copper Sales (000's payable lbs) 20,423  12,522 63%
        
Unit Costs       
Production costs per ounce of gold sold (4)$423 $456 (7%)
Gold - All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis  ($/oz sold)(3)(4)$712 $669 6%
Gold - All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis (including taxes)  ($/oz sold)(3) (4)$891 $813 10%
Gold - All-in sustaining costs on a co-product basis (before taxes) – ($/oz sold)(3)(4)$676 $696 (3%)
Production costs per pound of copper sold (4) 1.34  1.67 (20%)
Copper - All-in sustaining costs on a co-product basis (before taxes) – ($/pound sold)(3)(4)$1.52 $2.06 (26%)

(1)       As at March 31, 2020, the Company had 293,816,251 common shares issued and outstanding. 
(2)       Average for the period as reported by the London Bullion Market Association (US dollar Gold P.M. Fix Rate) and London Metal Exchange (LME).
(3)       Non-GAAP measure. See discussion under “Non-GAAP Measures”. 
(4)       Combines streamed and unstreamed amounts.
(5)       Includes Öksüt ounces sold and produced for which revenue and related costs were capitalized as pre-commercial production.

Overview of Consolidated Results

First Quarter 2020 compared to First Quarter 2019
The Company recognized net earnings of $20.0 million and adjusted net earningsNG of $46.4 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared to net earnings and adjusted net earningsNG of $50.4 million in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease in net earnings was due to a $26.4 million increase in the reclamation liabilities for the Company’s non-operating sites caused by a decrease in the risk free interest rate used for discounting the liability, greater loss on foreign exchange derivatives and an inventory impairment charge of $7.5 million recognized by the molybdenum business, partially offset by greater earnings from mine operations as a result of higher realized gold prices and increased gold doré sold at Kumtor.

Cash provided by operations was $121.1 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared to $118.8 million in the same prior year period, due to increased revenue, primarily as a result of higher average realized gold prices, partially offset by a decrease in cash from working capital due to a larger increase in accounts receivable at Kumtor.

Free cash flow NG in the first quarter of 2020 was $77.0 million compared to free cash flowNG of $57.0 million in the same period of 2019. The increase was due to higher cash provided by operations, lower sustaining capital at Mount Milligan and lower construction costs at Öksüt, partially offset by increased capitalized stripping at Kumtor.

Safety and Environment
On February 15, 2020, a fatality occurred at the Kumtor Mine when an excavator operated by an employee slipped down into a water-filled basin near the edge of Petrov Lake. An internal investigation was conducted, and management collaborated closely with the Kyrgyz regulators and other state authorities to ascertain the cause of the incident. See “Litigations and Contingencies”.

Including the fatality that occurred in February 2020, Centerra incurred 12 reportable injuries in the first quarter of 2020, including 6 lost time injuries, 3 medical aid injuries and 3 restricted work injuries.

The Company has been monitoring closely developments relating to COVID-19 and has taken a number of proactive measures to ensure the continuity of its business and safety of its employees.

There were no reportable releases to the environment in the first quarter of 2020.

2020 Outlook

No change is currently required to previously issued Centerra’s 2020 guidance, despite a slow-down in activities experienced at Mount Milligan and Öksüt at the start of the second quarter of 2020 due to COVID-19 related restrictions. Despite its best efforts, the Company notes that COVID-19 has the potential to further significantly disrupt Centerra’s operations. Among other things, COVID-19 has the potential to cause significant illness in the workforce, temporarily shut down mining, processing and other operations, and disrupt supply chains as well as rail and shipping networks used to deliver products to customers. While Centerra has taken and will continue to take measures to mitigate such risks, the global effects of COVID-19 are rapidly evolving and cannot be predicted.

Kumtor operations continue with the support of the Kyrgyz Republic Government, though a reduction in waste tonnes mined occurred due to reduced manpower on site. Process plant operations continue as normal.

On March 31, 2020, in response to Turkish government initiatives aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19, the Company voluntarily undertook a significant reduction of manpower and operations at the Öksüt Mine for a two-week period. The reduction resulted in a suspension of open pit mining activities though ore continued to be placed on the heap leach pad and continued to be irrigated, and the ADR plant continued to operate, limiting the impact on gold production. Mining operations recommenced in mid-April, 2020, though operating on the weekend is subject to weekly approvals (which have been obtained to date).

In mid-April, 2020, Mount Milligan began a scheduled two-week process plant maintenance shut down after decreasing mining activities starting April 6, 2020 to reduce the size of the workforce at site and reduce the potential spread of the virus. Mount Milligan’s process plant is expected to resume production following its two-week shutdown and the mine is expected to ramp up production in mid-May 2020. This short-term decrease in activity at Mount Milligan is not currently expected to have a material impact on 2020 production and costs at Mount Milligan.

In April 2020, the Company also temporarily reduced exploration activities in order to reduce staffing levels.

All sites are complying with government regulation and internal policies aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19. While such regulation and policies will not permit fully normalized operations at any site, currently they are not expected to result in a material effect on the Company’s 2020 operations or production.

The Company also notes that there has been a significant market movement in the underlying material assumptions used to set its 2020 guidance compared to current market prices. The changes of significance to the Company of note from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020 are as follows: gold spot price has increased by 6% to $1,609 per ounce; the copper spot price has decreased by 20% to $2.23 per pound; the diesel price at Kumtor has decreased by 24% to $0.39/litre; the Canadian dollar has devalued 9% to $1USD:$1.41, the Kyrgyz som has devalued 16% to $1USD:80.8 and the Turkish lira has devalued 11% to $1USD:6.60.

The material assumptions used in forecasting production and costs for 2020 can be found in the Outlook section in the Company’s annual MD&A and under the heading “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in the 2019 Annual Information Form. Production, operating cost and capital cost forecasts for 2020 are forward-looking information and are based on key assumptions and subject to material risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and which are discussed under the heading “Risks That Can Affect Our Business” in the Company’s 2019 Annual Information Form.

Financial Performance

First Quarter 2020 compared to First Quarter 2019

Revenue:
Revenue increased to $374.0 million in the first quarter of 2020 from $334.0 million in the comparative prior year period, as a result of a 21% higher average realized gold price and 63% more copper pounds sold, partially offset by a lower average realized copper price.

Production:
Gold production, including Öksüt, in the first quarter of 2020 was 190,474 ounces compared to 183,563 ounces for the same prior year period. Gold production at Kumtor was 152,307 ounces in the first quarter of 2020 while Mount Milligan produced 33,681 ounces of gold, a 1% increase from the same prior year period for both operations. At Kumtor, higher recovery and more gold produced from carbon fines was offset by lower grades. At Mount Milligan, process plant throughput during the first quarter averaged 53,527 tonnes per calendar day, compared to 27,000 tonnes per day in the prior year period. This was offset by lower grades and recovery. Gold production at Öksüt was 4,486 ounces, representing the initial period of production with first gold pour in late January 2020.

Copper production at Mount Milligan during the first quarter of 2020 was 20.1 million pounds, 8.6 million pounds more than the comparative prior year period, reflecting higher throughput.

Production costs per ounce of gold sold:
Production costs per ounce of gold sold decreased in the first quarter of 2020 to $423 compared to $456 in the same period of 2019, mainly due to lower production costs per ounce at Kumtor as a result of higher gold sales volumes, partially offset by higher production cost per ounce at Mount Milligan as a result of lower gold sales volumes.

All-in Sustaining CostsNG:
Centerra’s all-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce of gold soldNG, which excludes revenue-based tax and income tax, increased to $712 per ounce in the first quarter of 2020, from $669 per ounce in the same prior year period due to higher capitalized stripping costs, partially offset by a higher sales volumes from Kumtor.

Exploration:
Exploration expenditures in the first quarter of 2020 were $7.8 million compared to $5.0 million in the comparative prior year period. The increase was due to additional drilling at Kumtor of $1.8 million and at the Company’s other projects.

Financing costs:
Financing costs in the first quarter of 2020 were $3.6 million compared to $4.0 million in the comparative prior year period. The decrease is due to the Company’s repayment of the note payable to Caterpillar Financial Services in late 2019 resulting in a lower debt balance in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the first quarter or 2019.

Corporate administration:
Corporate administration costs were $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2020, a decrease of $6.2 million compared to the same period of 2019, mainly due to a decrease in share-based compensation as a result of the decline in the Company’s share price during the first quarter of 2020.

Balance Sheet Review

 $ millionsAs at
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Change 
 Consolidated:   
 Cash and cash equivalents193.8 42.7 354%
 Inventories757.0 774.1 (2%)
 Current assets128.5 115.9 11%
 Property, plant and equipment1,644.7 1,669.5 (1%)
 Non-current assets68.9 99.5 (31%)
 Total Assets2,792.9 2,701.7 3%
 Current liabilities249.6 244.8 2%
 Non-current Debt134.7 70.0 92%
 Provision for reclamation284.5 265.0 7%
 Non-current liabilities55.6 56.0 (1%)
 Total Liabilities724.4 635.9 14%
 Total Equity2,068.5 2,065.8 0%
 Total Liabilities and Equity2,792.9 2,701.7 3%


Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2020 was $193.8 million, an increase of $151.1 million from December 31, 2019 as the Company realized $77.0 million in free cash flowNG, drew down $136 million from the Company’s secured revolving credit facility while repaying the $77.5 million Öksüt Project financing facility and in so doing releasing $25 million of restricted cash.

Inventory
Total inventory as at March 31, 2020 was $757.0 million compared to $774.1 million as at December 31, 2019. Inventory on hand included product inventory of $533.2 million and supplies inventory of $223.8 million, compared to $564.7 million and $209.3 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2019. The decrease in product inventory was primarily attributable to a decrease at Langeloth as a result of the declining molybdenum prices, which resulted in a write-down of the carrying value.

As at March 31, 2020, the inventory balance consisted of approximately 931,000 contained gold ounces on surface at Kumtor, of which roughly 55% is expected to be processed in the remainder of 2020, and 85,000 contained gold ounces and 18.6 million contained pounds of copper in stockpiles at Mount Milligan.

Property, Plant and Equipment
The book value of property, plant and equipment as at March 31, 2020 was $1.64 billion, which compares to $1.67 billion as at December 31, 2019. The decrease in the first quarter of 2020 of 1% was mainly due to amortization as a result of ongoing operations. Capital expenditures in the first quarter of 2020 were $44.1 million compared to $61.8 million in the same prior year period.

Non-Current Assets
Non-current assets decreased as a portion of the Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”) receivable was reclassified to current assets ($11.4 million at December 31, 2019) and approximately $25 million of restricted cash was released with the repayment of the Öksüt financing. This was partially offset by a net increase of approximately $6 million in the reclamation trust fund. As at March 31, 2020, the reclamation trust fund had a balance of $47.1 million.

Asset Retirement Obligations (ARO)
The asset retirement obligations of $284.5 million as at March 31, 2020, increased from $265.0 million as at December 31, 2019, primarily due to a reduction in the discount rates used to calculate the present value of the retirement obligations.

Debt
Total debt as at March 31, 2020 was $134.7 million compared to $70.0 million as at December 31, 2019. The Company’s $500 million secured revolving credit facility had an outstanding balance of $136 million, compared to nil as at December 31, 2019.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company repaid and cancelled its $77.5 million Öksüt Project financing facility. This resulted in the release of $25 million of restricted cash.

Liquidity
The Company believes its cash on hand, cash flow from the Company’s Kumtor, Mount Milligan and Öksüt operations and available capacity in its existing corporate credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy working capital needs, fund its anticipated construction and development activities and meet other liquidity requirements through to the end of 2020. See “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information”. 

Cash Flow Review

Cash provided by operating activities
Cash provided by operations increased by 2% in the first quarter of 2020, compared to the first quarter of 2019 as a result of higher revenue, partially offset by a decrease in cash from working capital.

Cash used in investing activities
Cash used in investing activities decreased by 62% in the first quarter 2020, compared to the first quarter 2019, primarily due to the release of restricted cash upon repayment of the Öksüt project financing facility in the first quarter of 2020.

Cash used in financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities increased by 335% in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase was mainly on account of the $136 million drawn on the revolving credit facility, which was used in part to repay the $77.5 million Öksüt Project finance facility.

Market Conditions

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3b4e2062-569a-4e12-a05e-fb24fca9cc8c

Gold Price
During the first quarter of 2020, the spot gold price fluctuated between a low of $1,471 per ounce and a high of $1,680 per ounce. The average spot gold price for the first quarter was $1,582 per ounce, an increase of 21% from the comparative prior year period ($1,304 per ounce).

Copper Price
The average spot copper price in the first quarter of 2020 was $2.57 per pound, an 8% decrease compared to the comparative prior year period ($2.80 per pound).

Diesel Fuel Prices
Fuel costs represent a significant cost component for Centerra’s mining operations. Prices for Kumtor diesel fuel in the first quarter of 2020 generally correlated to the price movements of Brent crude oil and Ultra-Low-Sulfur-Diesel (“ULSD”). The purchase price for diesel fuel for Kumtor in the first quarter 2020 was $0.15/litre lower than the first quarter of 2019 ($0.39/litre compared to $0.54/litre). Kumtor sources its fuel from Russia either directly or through Kyrgyz distributors and prices include additional costs such as seasonal premiums for winterizing fuel and transportation costs from the Russian refineries.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the Brent crude oil price averaged $50/bbl. in the first quarter of 2020, $13/bbl. lower than the first quarter of 2019 average ($63/bbl.). By the end of the first quarter of 2020, Brent prices were significantly lower; as at March 31, 2020 the closing Brent spot price was $15/bbl., $53/bbl. lower than the price at December 31, 2019 ($68 /bbl.).

In the first quarter of 2020, Centerra’s diesel hedging program resulted in a $1.1 million realized loss ($0.1 million realized gain in the first quarter of 2019). As at March 31, 2020, the Company has hedged (utilizing zero cost collars) 43% of Kumtor’s diesel fuel exposure for 2020.

The Company continues to utilize its rolling diesel hedging program in order to manage its exposure to fluctuations in diesel fuel prices.  See “Financial Instruments”. 

Molybdenum Price
The average molybdenum price in the first quarter of 2020 was $9.64 per pound, a decrease of 18% from the comparative prior year period ($11.78 per pound).

Foreign Exchange
The Company receives its revenue through the sale of gold, copper and molybdenum in U.S. dollars.  The Company has operations in Canada, including its corporate head office, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkey and the United States.

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/8706e287-ff1c-451a-80a7-d834b7f70785

USD to CAD
During the first quarter of 2020, the spot price of the U.S dollar to Canadian dollar fluctuated between a low of 1.30 and a high of 1.45. The average U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate for the first quarter of 2020 was 1.34, which was weaker by 2% when compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 (1.32) and 1% compared to the first quarter of 2019 (1.33). The Canadian dollar as at March 31, 2020 was 1.41, weakened by 8% from its value as at December 31, 2019 (1.30).

In the first quarter of 2020, Centerra’s Canadian dollar hedging program resulted in a $1.3 million realized loss (nil in the first quarter of 2019). As at March 31, 2020, the Company has hedged (utilizing zero cost collars) 61% of the estimated Canadian dollar exposure for 2020.

USD to Kyrgyz Som
During the first quarter of 2020, the spot price of the U.S. dollar to Kyrgyz som exchange rate fluctuated from 69.5 to 83.5. The average U.S. dollar to Kyrgyz som for the first quarter of 2020 was 71.2, which was weaker by 2% when compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 (69.8) and first quarter of 2019 (69.8). The Kyrgyz som as at March 31, 2020 was 80.8, weakening 16% from its value as at December 31, 2019 (69.6).

USD to Turkish Lira
The average U.S. dollar to Turkish lira exchange rate for the first quarter of 2020 was 6.1 (ranging from 5.9 to 6.6 during the quarter), which was weaker by 5% when compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 (5.8) and 13% when compared to the average of the first quarter of 2019 (5.4). The Turkish lira as at March 31, 2020 was 6.6, 10% weaker than its value as at December 31, 2019 (6.0).

Financial Instruments

The Company seeks to manage its exposure to fluctuations in diesel fuel prices, commodity prices and foreign exchange rates by entering into derivative financial instruments from time-to-time.

The hedge positions for each of these programs as at March 31, 2020 are summarized as follows:

     As at March 31, 2020
ProgramInstrumentUnitAverage
strike price
TypeTotal position (4)Fair value gain
(loss)($) ('000's)
 Fuel HedgesULSD zero-cost collars(1)Barrels$76/$86Fixed160,173(4,699)
 Fuel HedgesBrent Crude Oil zero-cost collars(1)Barrels$57/$66Fixed118,432(2,602)
       
 Gold/Copper Hedges (Royal Gold deliverables):      
 Gold Derivative ContractsForward contracts(2)OuncesN/A(3)Float25,850118 
 Copper Derivative ContractsForward contracts(2)PoundsN/A(3)Float 4.1 million(738)
       
 FX Hedges      
 USD/CAD Derivative ContractsZero-cost collarsCAD1.30/1.35Fixed 200.1 million(7,161)

(1)     Under the Brent crude and ULSD zero-cost collars, the Company has the right to buy a fixed amount of crude oil or ULSD at the contract’s ‘ceiling’ price if the market price was to exceed this price upon contract expiration, while requiring the Company to buy fuel barrels at the ‘floor’ price if the market price was to fall below this price upon contract expiration. At the end of each contract there is no delivery of the underlying physical item and the contract is financially settled.
(2)     Under the forward contracts entered into in connection with Royal Gold deliverables (the “Royal Gold hedging program”), the Company must sell specified quantities of gold or copper, at a future market price on a specified date.
(3)     Royal Gold hedging program with a market price determined on closing of the contract.
(4)     Hedge positions as at end of March 31, 2020, are due to settle by end of 2020.

Centerra does not enter into off-balance sheet arrangements with special purpose entities in the normal course of its business, nor does it have any unconsolidated affiliates.

Operating Mines and Facilities

Kumtor Mine
The Kumtor open pit mine, located in the Kyrgyz Republic, is one of the largest gold mines in Central Asia. It has been in production since 1997 and has produced over 12.8 million ounces of gold to March 31, 2020.

Recent Developments
In view of, among other things, the urgent need for regional development in the Kyrgyz Republic, Kumtor Gold Company determined that additional contributions to the previously established Kyrgyz Republic Social Partnership for the Regional Fund were appropriate. Accordingly, it made a further $9 million contribution to the Regional Fund in March 2020 and intends to make further contributions of $2.2 million each quarter the mine is in operation, up to a total of $22.0 million.

On February 15, 2020, an employee fatality occurred at Kumtor when an excavator slipped down into a water-filled basin near the edge of Petrov Lake, which is situated five kilometres northeast of the Kumtor mill site. An internal investigation was conducted, and management collaborated closely with the Kyrgyz regulators and other state authorities to ascertain the cause of the incident. See “Litigation and Contingencies”.

On December 1, 2019, Kumtor experienced a significant waste rock movement at the Lysii waste rock dump, resulting in two employee fatalities. The Company initiated an emergency evacuation of all mine personnel from the area and an immediate cessation of mining operations. In January 2020, after an extensive search and in consultation with the families of the deceased Kumtor employees, search efforts were terminated. In late January 2020, after significant analysis of its procedures, including safety procedures, and consultation and approval of the relevant the Kyrgyz Republic state agencies, the Company recommenced mining operations, placing waste materials on the Central Valley waste dump after receiving approvals for its revised 2020 mining plans. Currently, Kumtor is not permitted to place waste materials at the Lysii waste rock dump as was contemplated in the initial 2020 mine plan. See “Litigation and Contingencies”.

A normal course updated Kumtor Technical Report is expected to be completed in the second half of 2020.

COVID-19 update
During the first quarter of 2020, with the support of the Kyrgyz Republic Government, Kumtor has implemented a number of proactive measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 such as extending mine site crew rotations to four-weeks compared to two-weeks, separating key process plant personnel from mining crews, increasing health hygiene protocols, maintaining social distancing to ensure the safety of its employees, contractors, communities and other stakeholders as well as to try to ensure the uninterrupted flow of its supply chain to ensure  the continuation of operations. Despite the strict restrictions imposed by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on the movement of people and goods within the country, the Government has been supportive of Kumtor’s continued operations.

Kumtor Operating Results

($ millions, except as noted)Three months ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change 
Financial Highlights:   
Revenue248.9 195.0 28%
    
Production costs51.5 54.1 (5%)
Standby costs6.8 - 100%
Depreciation, depletion and amortization53.6 41.0 31%
Earnings from mine operations137.0 99.9 37%
    
Cash provided by mine operations134.3 120.0 12%
Cash provided by mine operations before changes in working capital142.6 109.9 30%
Free cash flow (1)95.6 91.6 4%
    
Operating Highlights:   
Tonnes mined (000's)19,997 49,194 (59%)
Tonnes ore mined (000's)571 1,877 (70%)
Average mining grade (g/t)7.86 2.14 268%
Tonnes processed (000's)1,602 1,575 2%
Average process plant head grade (g/t)3.53 3.73 (5%)
Process plant Recovery (%)83.7%82.0%2%
Mining costs - total ($/t mined material)1.76 1.04 70%
Processing costs ($/t milled material)10.89 10.93 (0%)
    
Gold produced (ounces)152,307 150,308 1%
Gold sold (ounces)160,090 150,267 7%
Average realized gold price ($/oz sold)(1)1,555 1,297 20%
    
Capital Expenditures - sustaining8.4 8.9 (6%)
Capital Expenditures - growth0.7 2.0 (63%)
Capital Expenditures - stripping - cash30.0 17.4 73%
Capital Expenditures - stripping - non-cash10.0 5.5 80%
Capital Expenditures - total49.1 33.8 45%
    
Unit Costs:   
Production costs per ounce of gold sold322 360 (11%)
Gold - All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis ($/oz sold)(1)644 553 16%
Gold - All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis - including taxes ($/oz sold)(1)864 735 18%

(1)     Non-GAAP measure. See discussion under “Non-GAAP Measures”

First Quarter 2020 compared to First Quarter 2019

For the three months ended March 31 2020, Kumtor recorded greater revenue and earnings from mine operations of 28% and 37%, respectively, when compared to the same prior year period. The increase was primarily due to 20% higher average realized gold price and 7% more ounces sold in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Cash provided by mine operations in the first quarter of 2020 was $134.3 million, $14.3 million more than the same prior year period due to greater revenue, partially offset by a decrease in cash from working capital due to a larger increase in accounts receivable and an increase in payments made for taxes. Free cash flowNG in the first quarter of 2020 was $95.6 million compared to $91.6 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase was due to an increase in cash provided by mine operations, partially offset by an increase in capitalized stripping costs.

During the first quarter of 2020, after restarting mining operations in January following the Lysii waste rock dump incident, Kumtor finished mining cut-back 19 West and the SB Zone and continued stripping and unloading ice from cut-back 20. Tonnes mined were 20.0 million compared to 49.2 million tonnes in the comparative prior year period, representing a decrease of 59%, mainly due to the suspension of operations from December 2019 to January 2020 and longer haulage distances as a result of the Company’s inability to use the Lysii waste rock dump. Of the 20.0 million tonnes mined in the first quarter of 2020, 18.0 million tonnes were capitalized as waste stripping for future production from cut-back 20. Kumtor is currently utilizing the Central Valley waste dump in accordance with the revised and approved 2020 mining plan.

Mining costs, including capitalized stripping, were $35.4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $51.3 million in the first quarter of 2019. Lower mining costs in the first quarter of 2020 is attributable to the suspension of mining operations in January.

In the first quarter of 2020, Kumtor produced 152,307 ounces of gold from stockpiles, compared to 150,308 ounces of gold in the same prior year period. The increase in the current quarter was primarily due to higher gold recovery and more gold produced from carbon fines, partially offset by lower grades. During the first quarter of 2020, Kumtor’s average process plant head grade was 3.5 g/t with a recovery of 83.7% compared to 3.7 g/t and a recovery of 82.0% in the first quarter of 2019.

Processing costs were $17.4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $17.2 million in the prior year period, due primarily to increased costs associated with higher carbon fine processing, partially offset by lower reagents costs because of processing low oxidized ore.

Site support costs in the first quarter of 2020 were $10.0 million compared to $11.8 million in the same period of 2019, due to lower labour costs as a result of a favourable movement in the local currency exchange rate and lower camp and contractor costs due to continuous improvement initiatives.

Kumtor’s production costs per ounce of gold sold were $322 for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $360 in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was primarily due to an increase in ounces sold and a decrease in production costs as a result of higher silver sales and higher capitalized stripping.

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Kumtor’s all-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce soldNG, which excludes revenue-based tax, were $644 per ounce in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $553 per ounce in the same prior year period. The increase was mainly due to higher capitalized stripping costs and a $9 million contribution to the Kyrgyz Republic Regional Fund, partially offset by an increase in ounces sold.

Including revenue-based taxes, all-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce soldNG were $864 per ounce in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $735 per ounce in the same prior year period.

Mount Milligan Mine
The Mount Milligan Mine is an open pit mine located in north central British Columbia, Canada producing a gold and copper concentrate.  Production at Mount Milligan is subject to an arrangement with RGLD AG and Royal Gold, Inc. (together, “Royal Gold”) pursuant to which Royal Gold is entitled to purchase 35% of the gold produced and 18.75% of the copper production at the Mount Milligan Mine for $435 per ounce of gold delivered and 15% of the spot price per metric tonne of copper delivered (the “Mount Milligan Streaming Arrangement”).

Updated NI 43-101 Technical Report
On March 26, 2020, the Company announced the results of the updated NI 43-101 technical report on the Mount Milligan Mine as at December 31, 2019. The updated technical report on the Mount Milligan Mine was published by the Company on March 26, 2020 and is available on SEDAR www.sedar.com and the Company’s website www.centerragold.com.

Water Update
During the first quarter of 2020, Mount Milligan continued to access ground water from the Lower Rainbow Valley wellfield as well as other groundwater wells near the tailings storage facility (TSF), providing sufficient water for the process plant to operate at full capacity.

Spring water pumping at Mount Milligan began in April and the Company expects significant water runoff during freshet as snowpack around site is approximately 20% above historical norms. Mount Milligan also continues to pursue a long-term solution to its water needs. See “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information”.

Exploration will continue throughout 2020 in an attempt to extend groundwater supply capacity from the Lower Rainbow Valley and other groundwater targets in the vicinity.

COVID-19
In early-April 2020, the Company announced a significant slowdown at Mount Milligan, including the reduction of the workforce beginning in the second week of April, by approximately 50%, reducing process plant throughput to approximately 50,000 tonnes per day and stopping mining activity except for tailings construction. Mount Milligan continued to process material from surface ore stockpiles using only the primary crusher during this time. During mid-April, Mount Milligan completed a planned two-week maintenance shut-down, including a SAG Mill reline. The Company has maintained sufficient staff and contractors on site to ensure capture of spring runoff water during the freshet.

Mount Milligan is expected to ramp up operations in May 2020, however, any increase in the level of operations and associated manpower will depend on the specific circumstances at the time. See “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information”. 

Mount Milligan Operating Results

($ millions, except as noted)Three months ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
Financial Highlights:   
Gold sales48.9 46.3 6%
Copper sales33.0 31.1 6%
Total Revenues81.9 77.4 6%
    
Production costs60.7 56.4 8%
Depreciation, depletion and amortization18.0 12.4 46%
Earnings from mine operations3.2 8.6 (63%)
    
Cash provided by mine operations27.2 12.4 119%
Cash provided by mine operations before changes in working capital12.1 16.6 (27%)
Free cash flow (deficit) (1)22.0 (0.4)100%
    
Operating Highlights:   
Tonnes mined (000's)10,889 9,305 17%
Tonnes ore mined (000's)4,689 2,550 84%
    
Tonnes milled (000's)4,871 2,430 100%
Process plant Head Grade Copper (%)0.26%0.27%(4%)
Process plant Head Grade Gold (g/t)0.37 0.62 (41%)
Copper Recovery (%)75.5%82.5%(8%)
Gold Recovery (%)59.9%70.1%(15%)
Mining costs - total ($/t mined material)1.75 2.05 (15%)
Processing plant costs - total ($/t milled material)4.93 10.08 (51%)
Concentrate Produced (dmt)45,087 25,811 75%
Payable Gold Produced (oz) (2)33,681 33,255 1%
Payable Copper Produced (000's lbs) (2)20,072 11,440 75%
    
Gold Sales (payable oz)(2)40,353 46,184 (13%)
Copper Sales (000's payable lbs)(2)20,423 12,522 63%
Average Realized Price - Gold - combined ($/oz )(1)(2)1,213 1,003 21%
Average Realized Price - Copper - combined ($/lb) (1)(2)1.61 2.49 (35%)
    
Capital Expenditures - sustaining (1)5.3 10.7 (51%)
    
Unit Costs:   
Production costs per ounce of gold sold827 768 8%
Gold - All in Sustaining costs on a by-product basis ($/oz sold) (1)901 842 7%
Gold - All in Sustaining costs on a by-product basis - including taxes ($/oz sold) (1)921 860 7%
Gold - All in Sustaining costs on a co-product basis ($/oz sold) (1)948 958 (1%)
Production costs per pound of copper sold1.34 1.67 (20%)
Copper - All in Sustaining costs on a co-product basis ($/lb sold) (1)1.52 2.06 (26%)

(1)       Non-GAAP measure. See discussion under “Non-GAAP Measures”
(2)       Mount Milligan payable production and sales are presented on a 100% basis. Under the Mount Milligan Streaming Arrangement, Royal Gold is entitled to 35% of payable Gold ounces and 18.75% of payable copper. Royal Gold pays $435 per ounce of gold delivered and 15% of the spot price per metric tonne of copper delivered.

First Quarter 2020 compared to First Quarter 2019
Mount Milligan’s earnings from mine operations were $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $8.6 million in the same prior year period. The decrease was due to an increase in depreciation costs as a result of an increase in copper production and a decrease in mine life and reserves. The increase in copper pounds sold of 63% was offset by a lower average realized copper price, while the 13% decrease in gold ounces sold was offset by a higher average realized gold price. Gold and copper grades and recoveries were lower compared to the same prior year period, primarily due to mine sequencing, while gold recoveries were further impacted by higher throughput rates.

Cash provided by mine operations was $14.8 million higher in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019 due to the collection of receivables for two additional provisional shipments in 2020, higher average realized gold prices and lower payments to Royal Gold. Free cash flowNG in the first quarter of 2020 was $22.0 million compared to a free cash flow deficit of $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase was due to an increase in cash provided by mine operations and decrease in expenditures on water source infrastructure.

During the first quarter of 2020, mining activities were in phases 4 and 8 of the open pit. Both phases provided an even split of ore and waste though phase 8 also included some overburden striping. Total tonnes mined in the first quarter of 2020 was 10.9 million tonnes and total material moved was 11.7 million tonnes. In the comparative quarter of 2019, total tonnes mined was 9.3 million tonnes and total material moved was 9.8 million tonnes. The increase in total tonnes mined was due to higher throughput availability of the processing plant.

Mining costs totaled $17.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $13.9 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to $3.3 million in less waste material being allocated to the tailing storage facility (“TSF”) in the first quarter of 2020.

Mine production averaged 120,000 tonnes per day compared to 103,000 tonnes per day in the comparative quarter of 2019. The increase was as a result of greater processing plant throughput availability. Mine production was 4.9 million tonnes, averaging 53,527 tonnes per calendar day in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 2.4 million tonnes, averaging 27,000 tonnes per calendar day in the same prior year period. During the first quarter of 2020, Mount Milligan continued to access ground water from the Lower Rainbow Valley wellfield as well as other groundwater wells near the TSF, providing sufficient water for the process plant to operate at full capacity.

Gold production in the first quarter of 2020 was 33,681 ounces compared to 33,255 ounces in the comparative prior year period due to higher throughput, offset by lower grades and recoveries. Total copper production was 20.1 million pounds in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 11.4 million pounds in the comparative prior year period, due to higher throughput, offset by lower recoveries.

Processing costs totaled $24.0 million or $4.93 per tonne processed in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $24.5 million or $10.08 per tonne processed in the same prior year period. The decrease on a per tonne basis was due to an increase in the process plant throughput due to the timing of a planned maintenance shutdown and water sourcing activities which occurred in the first quarter of 2019 but were deferred to the second quarter of 2020.

Production costs per ounce of gold sold in the first quarter of 2020 were $827 compared to $768 in the same quarter of 2019 due to lower gold ounces sold as a result of lower grades and recoveries.

Production costs per pound of copper sold in the first quarter of 2020 were $1.34 compared to $1.67 in the same quarter of 2019, primarily as a result of greater copper pounds sold.

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/2c7a3d5e-3c08-4da8-9da0-b3e0d42a6af8

Mount Milligan’s all-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce sold NG, which excludes taxes, were $901 per ounce for the first quarter of 2020 compared to $842 per ounce in the same prior year period, due to producing fewer ounces from lower grades and recoveries leading to lower gold sales, partially offset by higher tonnage processed, lower sustaining capital as a result of decreased spending on water source infrastructure projects and higher copper credits.

Including income taxes, all-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce soldNG were $921 per ounce in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $860 per ounce in the same period of 2019.

Öksüt Mine
The Öksüt Mine is situated in Turkey approximately 300 kilometres southeast of Ankara and 48 kilometres south of Kayseri, the provincial capital. The nearest administrative centre is at Develi (population 64,000) located approximately 10 kilometres north of the mine site. Öksüt Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi (OMAS), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, owns the rights to mine and explore the property. 

The Öksüt Mine achieved first gold pour on January 31, 2020 and is currently in the pre-commercial production, start-up phase.

COVID-19
On March 31, 2020, in response to Turkish Government initiatives aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19, the Company undertook a significant reduction of manpower and operations at the Öksüt Mine for a two-week period. The reduction resulted in a suspension of open pit mining activities though ore continued to be placed on the heap leach pad, irrigation continued, and the ADR plant continued to operate, limiting the impact on production. Öksüt returned to targeted operational levels in mid-April, 2020, though operating on the weekend is subject to weekly approvals (which have been obtained to date).

Öksüt Mine

($ millions, except as noted)Three months ended March 31, 
2020 
Operating Highlights:  
Tonnes mined (000's)2,875 
Tonnes ore mined (000's)571 
Tonnes ore crushed (000's)403 
Tonnes stacked (000's)302 
Ore grade stacked (g/t)1.05 
Contained ounces stacked10,191 
   
Gold produced (ounces)4,486 
Gold sold (ounces)2,815 
   
Capital Expenditures - sustaining0.2 
Capital Expenditures - growth12.2 
Capital Expenditures - stripping - cash3.6 
Capital Expenditures - total16.0 

First Quarter 2020

Öksüt achieved its first gold pour on January 31, 2020, with a total of 4,486 ounces of gold poured in the first quarter of 2020.

Revenue net of the related cost of operations was $3.7 million in the first quarter of 2020. As Öksüt has not yet achieved commercial production the revenue net of the related costs was recorded as a reduction of capital expenditures in the period.

Mining in the first quarter of 2020 was focused on the development of both the Keltepe and Güneytepe pits. Productivity was impacted by unusually harsh winter weather conditions in the quarter, including unusually high levels of snow fall, rain, and fog conditions.

The harsh winter weather conditions and processing of high clay content material resulted in the need to modify the primary crusher’s feeder and bunker to ensure that operations are not impacted by similar conditions in the future. During the quarter, the Company utilized mobile crushing facilities to support the planned production volumes.

Total tonnes mined was 2.8 million tonnes, with a strip ratio of 4.0 for the quarter. At the end of March 2020, 0.5 million tonnes of ore at an average grade of 0.91 g/t had been stockpiled.

Mining and crushing costs totaled $6.7 million or $2.33 per tonne in the first quarter.

Processing in the first quarter of 2020 was focused on the preparation, stacking and irrigation of the heap leach pad. By the end of the quarter, all of phase 1A and one half of phase 1B of the heap leach pad were stacked. At the end of the first quarter of 2020, 0.4 million tonnes of ore averaging 1.15 g/t had been placed onto the leach pad and was under leach.

Processing costs totaled $1.9 million or $4.78 per tonne in the first quarter of 2020.

As at March 31, 2020, the Öksüt Mine construction was 95% complete. The remaining construction activities are to complete the heap leach pad and are expected to be completed by mid-2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, Öksüt recorded negative free cash flowNG of $20.4 million, representing a build-up of working capital of $11.1 million, spending of $9.4 million in construction costs and $3.6 million of capitalized stripping, partially offset by the cash receipt of $3.7 million in revenue net of production costs. This compares to $15.3 million spent on construction and development activities in the first quarter of 2019.

Molybdenum Business
The molybdenum business includes two North American primary molybdenum mines that are currently on care and maintenance: the Thompson Creek (“TC”) Mine (mine and process plant) in Idaho and the 75%-owned Endako Mine (mine, process plant and roaster) in British Columbia. The molybdenum business also includes the Langeloth metallurgical roasting facility (the "Langeloth Facility") in Pennsylvania. TC Mine operates a molybdenum beneficiation circuit to treat molybdenum concentrates to supplement the concentrate feed sourced directly for the Langeloth Facility. This beneficiation process allows the Company to process high copper content molybdenum concentrate purchased from third parties, which is then transported from TC Mine to the Langeloth Facility for further processing.

The molybdenum business provides tolling treatment services for customers by converting molybdenum concentrates to molybdenum oxide powder and briquettes and ferromolybdenum products. Additionally, molybdenum concentrates are purchased to convert to upgraded products which are then sold in the metallurgical and chemical markets.

COVID-19
The Molybdenum operations continue unaffected and management continues to practice proactive measures to protect the health and safety of their employees and contractors on site.

Molybdenum Operating Results

 ($ millions, except as noted)Three months ended March 31,
 2020 2019 % Change 
 Financial Highlights:   
 Molybdenum (Mo) Sales41.7 58.6 (29%)
 Tolling, Calcining and Other1.6 3.0 (47%)
 Total Revenues and Other Income43.3 61.6 (30%)
     
 Production costs52.5 61.2 (14%)
 Depreciation, depletion and amortization1.4 1.2 22%
     
 Reclamation expense26.4 - 0%
     
 Care and Maintenance costs - Molybdenum mines3.2 3.6 (10%)
     
 Loss from operations(41.1)(4.9)739%
     
 Total capital expenditure0.8 0.2 399%
     
 Cash (used in) provided by operations10.4 (0.6)100%
 Cash (used in) provided by operations, before changes in working capital(4.8)(2.7)78%
 Free cash flow (deficit) (1)9.2 (0.8)100%
     
 Average Mo spot price ($/lb)9.6 11.8 (18%)
     
 Production Highlights (000's lbs):   
 Mo purchased3,342 4,229 (21%)
 Mo roasted4,382 4,809 (9%)
 Mo sold3,790 4,592 (17%)
 Toll roasted and upgraded Mo810 1,654 (51%)

(1)     Non-GAAP measure. See discussion under “Non-GAAP Measures”

First Quarter 2020 compared to First Quarter 2019
In the first quarter of 2020, 4.4million pounds of molybdenum were roasted which represented a 9% decrease over the same period in 2019. A total of 0.8 million pounds of molybdenum were roasted under tolling arrangements during the quarter, which was 51% less than the same period in 2019. This decrease was the result of the decline in demand for industrial products that use molybdenum.

The Molybdenum business recorded a loss from operations in the first quarter of 2020 of $41.1 million compared to $4.9 million in the same period of 2019. The loss recorded in the first quarter of 2020 included a $26.4 million increase in the asset retirement obligation liabilities, caused by a decrease in the risk free interest rate used for discounting the liability, at the TC Mine, which is not currently in operation, and a $7.5 million write down in product inventory as a result of a decline in the molybdenum price over the quarter.

Cash provided by operations in the first quarter of 2020 was $10.4 million, compared to cash used in operations of $0.6 million in the comparative prior year period. The increase was due to an $11.4 million alternative minimum income tax refund that was received as a result of the change in U.S. income tax laws affecting prior year tax filings.

Pre-Development Projects

Kemess Underground Project:
The Kemess Project is located in north-central British Columbia, Canada, approximately 250 kilometres north of Smithers, 430 kilometres northwest of Prince George and 209 kilometres from the Mount Milligan Mine. The Kemess Project site (or “Kemess”) includes infrastructure from the past producing Kemess South Mine. There are currently no mining activities at the Kemess site and on-site activities consist of care and maintenance work, initial surface construction, and pre-development activities for the proposed Kemess Underground Project.

COVID-19
During the first quarter of 2020, care and maintenance activities at the mine site were minimized and the remobilization of the surface construction contractors was deferred by one month until mid-May.

On April 28, 2020, a Kemess employee informed the Company they had tested positive for COVID-19 while on break from site. The employee was last present at the Kemess site on April 16, 2020. As an immediate measure, Kemess employees and relevant health authorities, including the Northern Health Authority of British Columbia, have been informed and the Company has activated protocols to limit the spread of the virus. The Company is also investigating when the employee may have contracted the virus and whether other individuals may have been exposed.

Developments during the first quarter of 2020
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company spent $3.5 million on care and maintenance, and capital expenditures were $1.8 million which included costs for technical engineering studies, water treatment plant performance testing preparation and southern collection system pond construction. Comparatively, the Company spent $3.7 million on care and maintenance activities in the first quarter of 2019. Capital expenditures in the first quarter of 2019 were $4.6 million which included water treatment plant, water discharge system and mobile equipment purchases.

Greenstone Gold Property:

The Greenstone Gold property is located in northern Ontario, Canada approximately 275 kilometres northeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Centerra owns a 50% partnership interest in the Greenstone Partnership, which owns the Greenstone Gold development property, including the Hardrock deposit.

COVID-19
During the first quarter of 2020, operations at the Greenstone Gold Property were not directly impacted by COVID-19. Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc., the managing partner of the property is closely monitoring the situation and has closed access to offices and site, and all employees and consultants are working remotely.

Developments during the first quarter of 2020
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company spent $3.2 million compared to $6.8 million in the same comparative period. Activities in the first quarter of 2020 included advancing detailed engineering, permitting, environmental and management plans, water modelling, implementation of indigenous community agreements, and exploration activities outside of the Hardrock deposit. As at March 31 2020, Centerra’s funding towards its C$185 million commitment in the Greenstone Partnership was C$145 million (US$111 million).

The Company has commenced a legal proceeding against the managing partner of the Greenstone Partnership (“Greenstone Managing Partner”), its partner (a wholly owned subsidiary of Premier Gold Mines Limited (“Premier”)) and individuals nominated by Premier to the board of the Greenstone Managing Partner, in connection with certain disputes relating to the Greenstone Gold property. In turn, Premier and its board nominees filed a counterclaim against the Company and its board nominees to the Greenstone Managing Partner. See “Litigation and Contingencies”.

Quarterly Results – Previous Eight Quarters

Over the last eight quarters, Centerra’s results reflect the impact of increasing gold sales amidst a period of rising gold prices. Production costs have also benefited from decreasing diesel fuel costs and a depreciating Canadian dollar over the last eight quarters. Gold ounces sold on a quarterly basis steadily increased from the second quarter of 2018 to the third quarter of 2019, followed by a slight decline in the fourth quarter of 2019 and increasing again in the first quarter of 2020. An after-tax gain of $21.3 million on the sale of the Company’s royalty portfolio was recorded in the second quarter of 2018. The Company recognized an increase in ARO expenses of $41.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 mainly to record an increase in water treatment costs at the TC Mine. The third quarter of 2019 reflects the impairment of $230.5 million recorded on the Mount Milligan Mine and the $10 million Kyrgyz Republic settlement expense. The fourth quarter of 2019 and first quarter of 2020 include a reclamation expense of $31.4 million and $26.4 million, respectively, as a result of a change in the interest rate used to discount the reclamation costs at TC Mine. The quarterly financial results for the last eight quarters are shown below:

$ million, except per share data202020192018
Quarterly data unaudited
 Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2
Revenue374313 388 341334392259243
Net earnings (loss)20(12)(165)335049644
Basic earnings (loss) per share0.07(0.04)(0.56)0.110.170.170.020.15
Diluted earnings (loss) per share0.06(0.04)(0.56)0.110.170.170.010.15

Litigation and Contingencies

The following is a summary of litigation and contingencies with respect to matters affecting the Company and its subsidiaries. Readers are cautioned that the following is only a brief summary of such matters. For a more complete discussion of these matters, see the Company’s news releases and its Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2019 and specifically the section therein entitled “Risks that can affect our business” available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The following summary also contains forward-looking statements and readers are referred to “Caution Regarding Forward-looking Information”.

Kyrgyz Republic  

Kumtor Mine

Lysii Waste Dump Accident
On December 1, 2019, Centerra announced that the Kumtor Mine experienced a significant waste rock movement at the Lysii waste rock dump, which resulted in the fatality of two Kumtor employees. Kyrgyz state authorities carried out investigations into this accident and issued final reports which concluded that there were no violations of Kyrgyz laws in connection with the accident. A criminal investigation, which is required in the Kyrgyz Republic any time there is a fatality that occurs at a workplace, is ongoing. 

Petrov Lake Accident
On February 18, 2020, the Company announced that a fatal accident occurred at Kumtor when an excavator slipped down into a water filled basin while operating near Petrov Lake. An internal investigation was conducted, and management collaborated closely with the Kyrgyz regulators and other state authorities to ascertain the cause of the incident. The Company continues to work with Kyrgyz authorities on the related criminal investigations into this matter. As noted above, a criminal investigation is required any time there is a fatality that occurs at a workplace.

Canada

Mount Milligan Mine

The Company has received a notice of civil claims from H.R.S. Resources Corp. (“H.R.S.”), the holder of a 2% production royalty at Mount Milligan. H.R.S. claims that since November 2016 (when the royalty became payable) the Company has incorrectly calculated amounts payable under the production royalty agreement and has therefore underpaid amounts owing to H.R.S. The Company disputes the claim and believes it has calculated the royalty payments in accordance with the agreement. The Company believes that the potential exposure in relation to this claim, over what the Company has accrued is not material.

Greenstone Gold Property

As previously disclosed, on December 23, 2019, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, AuRico Canadian Royalty Holdings Inc., filed with the Ontario Superior Court of Justice a statement of claim against Greenstone Gold Mines G.P. Inc.  (the “Greenstone Managing Partner”), Premier Gold Mines Hardrock Inc., a subsidiary of Premier Gold Mines Limited (“Premier”) and two individual directors appointed by Premier to the Greenstone Managing Partner’s board of directors. Among other things, the claim relates to whether a report prepared by G-Mining Services Inc. on behalf of the Greenstone Managing Partner constitutes a Feasibility Study under the amended and restated partnership agreement dated March 9, 2015 (the “Partnership Agreement”), and how the Greenstone Managing Partner and Premier responded to questions regarding the report that were raised by members of Greenstone Managing Partner’s board of directors, AuRico and the independent third-party expert retained by Centerra to review it. Statements of defense and counterclaim have been filed by Premier, two individuals nominated by Premier to the Greenstone Managing Partner’s board of directors and the Greenstone Managing Partner. 

Other

The Company operates in multiple countries around the world and accordingly is subject to, and pays, taxes under the various regimes in those jurisdictions in which it operates. These tax regimes are determined under general taxation and other laws of the respective jurisdiction. The Company has historically filed, and continues to file, all required tax returns and to pay the taxes reasonably determined to be due. The tax rules and regulations in many countries are complex and subject to interpretation. From time to time the Company’s tax filings are subject to review and in connection with such reviews, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the Company’s interpretation of the country’s tax laws. The Company records provisions for future disbursements considered probable. As at March 31, 2020, the Company did not have any material provision for claims or taxation assessments.

Accounting Estimates, Policies and Changes

Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS required management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The critical estimates and judgments applied in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are consistent with those used in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Management’s estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any changes or revisions to estimates and underlying assumptions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Changes to these critical accounting estimates could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The key sources of estimation uncertainty and judgment used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and earnings within the next financial year are outlined in detail in note 4 of the December 31, 2019 financial statements.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, is responsible for the design of disclosure controls and procedures (“DC&P”) and internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”). Centerra adheres to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s (COSO) revised 2013 Internal Control Framework for the design of its ICFR. There was no material change to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

The evaluation of DC&P and ICFR was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including Centerra’s CEO and CFO.  Based on these evaluations, the CEO and the CFO concluded that the design and operation of these DC&P and ICFR were effective throughout the first quarter of 2020.

Non-GAAP Measures

This document contains the following non-GAAP financial measures: all-in sustaining costs per ounce sold on a by-product basis, all-in sustaining costs per ounce sold on a by-product basis including taxes, and all-in sustaining costs per ounce sold on a co-product basis. In addition, non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per common share (basic and diluted), average realized gold price, average realized copper price, adjusted cash provided by operations, free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow. These financial measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers, even as compared to other issuers who may be applying the World Gold Council (“WGC”) guidelines, which can be found at http://www.gold.org.

Management believes that the use of these non-GAAP measures will assist analysts, investors and other stakeholders of the Company in understanding the costs associated with producing gold, understanding the economics of gold mining, assessing our operating performance, our ability to generate free cash flow from current operations and to generate free cash flow on an overall Company basis, and for planning and forecasting of future periods. However, the measures do have limitations as analytical tools as they may be influenced by the point in the life cycle of a specific mine and the level of additional exploration or expenditures a company has to make to fully develop its properties. Accordingly, these non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for, analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

Definitions
The following is a description of the non-GAAP measures used in this MD&A:

  • All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce sold include production costs, the cash component of capitalized stripping costs, corporate general and administrative expenses, accretion expenses, and sustaining capital, net of copper and silver credits. The measure incorporates costs related to sustaining production. Copper and silver credits represent the expected revenue from the sale of these metals.
  • All-in sustaining costs on a by-product basis per ounce sold including taxes, include revenue-based tax at Kumtor and taxes (mining and income) at Mount Milligan.
  • All-in sustaining costs on a co-product basis per ounce of gold sold or per pound of copper sold, include production costs that are allocated between copper and gold based on production. To calculate the allocation of production costs, copper production has been converted to ounces of gold equivalent using the copper production for the periods presented, as well as an average of the futures prices during the quotational pricing period for copper and gold sold from Mount Milligan.  For the first quarter of 2020, 619 pounds of copper were equivalent to one ounce of gold.
  • Adjusted net earnings is calculated by adjusting net earnings (loss) as recorded in the condensed consolidated interim statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for items not associated with ongoing operations.
  • Adjusted cash provided by operations is calculated by adjusting cash provided by operations as recorded in the condensed consolidated interim statements of statements of cash flows for items not associated with ongoing operations.
  • Average realized gold price is calculated by dividing the different components of gold sales (including third party sales, mark to market adjustments, final pricing adjustments and the fixed amount received under the Mount Milligan Streaming Arrangement) by the number of ounces sold.
  • Average realized copper price is calculated by dividing the different components of copper sales (including third party sales, mark to market adjustments, final pricing adjustments and the fixed amount received under the Mount Milligan Streaming Arrangement) by the number of pounds sold.
  • Free cash flow is calculated as cash provided by operations less additions to property, plant and equipment.
  • Adjusted free cash flow is calculated as free cash flow adjusted for items not associated with ongoing operations.

All-in Sustaining Costs on a by-product basis (including and excluding taxes) per ounce of gold are non-GAAP measures and can be reconciled as follows:

 Three months ended March 31,
(Unaudited - $ millions, unless otherwise specified)Consolidated (1) Kumtor(1) Mount Milligan(1)
 2020 2019  20202019 2020 2019 
         
Production costs attributable to gold84.9 89.6  51.554.1 33.4 35.5 
Production costs attributable to copper27.3 20.9  -- 27.3 20.9 
Total Production costs excluding molybdenum segment, as reported112.2 110.5  51.554.1 60.7 56.4 
Adjust for:         
Selling and marketing2.1 1.2  -- 2.1 1.2 
Refining fees1.9 1.4  1.71.2 0.2 0.2 
By-product credits - copper(33.0)(31.1) -- (33.0)(31.1)
Community costs related to current operations11.3 1.1  11.31.1 - - 
Adjusted Production Costs94.5 83.1  64.556.4 30.0 26.7 
Corporate general administrative and other costs3.2 9.4  -- - 0.2 
Accretion expense0.4 0.5  0.30.4 0.1 0.1 
Capitalized stripping30.0 17.4  30.017.4 - - 
Capital expenditures (sustaining)13.7 19.8  8.48.9 5.3 10.7 
Lease principal payments1.0 1.2  -- 1.0 1.2 
All-in Sustaining Costs on a by-product basis142.8 131.4  103.283.1 36.4 38.9 
Revenue-based taxes35.1 27.4  35.127.4 - - 
Income and mining taxes0.8 0.8  -- 0.8 0.8 
All-in Sustaining Costs on a by-product basis (including taxes)178.7 159.6  138.3110.5 37.2 39.7 
Ounces sold (000's)(2)200.5 196.5  160.1150.3 40.4 46.2 
Pounds sold (millions)20.4 12.5  -- 20.4 12.5 
Production costs per ounce of gold sold ($ /oz sold)423 456  322360 827 768 
Production costs per pound of copper sold  ($ /pound sold)1.34 1.67   n/a  n/a 1.34 1.67 
Gold - All-in Sustaining Costs on a by-product basis ($ /oz sold)712 669  644553 901 842 
Gold - All-in Sustaining Costs on a by-product basis (including taxes) - $ /oz sold891 813  864735 921 860 
Gold - All-in Sustaining Costs on a co-product basis - before taxes ($ /oz sold)676 696  644553 948 958 
Copper - All-in Sustaining Costs on a co-product basis - before taxes ($ /pound sold)1.52 2.06   n/a  n/a 1.52 2.06 
 (1)  Results may not add due to rounding
 (2)  Excludes ounces sold at Öksüt
        


Adjusted net earnings can be reconciled as follows:
Adjusted net earnings are intended to provide investors with information about the Company’s continuing income generating capabilities. This measure adjusts for the earnings impact of items not associated with ongoing operations.

  Three months ended March 31,
($ millions, except as noted)20202019
        
Net earnings$20.0 $50.4 
        
Adjust for items not associated with ongoing operations:      
 ARO revaluation at sites on Care and Maintenance 26.4  - 
        
Adjusted net earnings$46.4 $50.4 
        
Net earnings per share - basic$0.07 $0.17 
Net earnings per share - diluted$0.06 $0.17 
Adjusted net earnings per share - basic$0.16 $0.17 
Adjusted net earnings per share - diluted$0.16 $0.17 
        

Free cash flow is calculated as follows:

  Three months ended March 31,
($ millions, except as noted)2020 2019 
      
Cash provided by operations (1)$121.1 $118.8 
      
Adjust for:    
 Additions to property, plant and equipment (1) (44.1) (61.8)
      
Free cash flow (deficit) $77.0 $57.0 
      
      

      (1)       As presented in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Average realized sales price for gold
The average realized gold price per ounce sold is calculated by dividing gold sales revenue, together with the final pricing adjustments and mark-to-market adjustments by the ounces sold, as shown in the table below:

Average realized sales price for goldThree months ended March 31,
 2020 2019 
   
Gold sales reconciliation ($ millions)  
Gold sales - Kumtor248.9 195.0 
   
Gold sales - Mt. Milligan  
Gold sales related to cash portion of Royal Gold stream6.0 6.9 
Mark-to-market adjustments on sales to Royal Gold(0.1)0.1 
Final adjustments on sales to Royal Gold(0.8)(0.6)
Total gold sales under Royal Gold stream5.1 6.4 
   
Gold sales to third party customers40.5 38.9 
Mark-to-market adjustments(0.6)(0.5)
Final pricing adjustments3.5 1.1 
Final metal adjustments0.8 0.7 
Total gold sales to third party customers44.2 40.2 
Gold sales, net of adjustments49.3 46.6 
Refining and treatment costs(0.2)(0.2)
Total gold sales49.1 46.4 
   
Total gold revenue - Consolidated298.0 241.4 
   
Ounces of gold sold  
Gold ounces sold - Kumtor160,090 150,267 
Ounces sold to Royal Gold - Mt. Milligan14,027 16,014 
Ounces sold to third party customers - Mt. Milligan26,326 30,170 
   
Total ounces sold - Consolidated(1)200,443 196,451 
   
Average realized sales price for gold on a per ounce basis  
Average realized sales price - Kumtor1,555 1,297 
   
Average realized gold price - Royal Gold435 435 
Average realized gold price - Mark-to-market adjustments(24)4 
Average realized gold price - Final pricing adjustments(60)(36)
Average realized gold price - Mt. Milligan - Royal Gold351 403 
   
Average realized gold price - Third party1,540 1,289 
Average realized gold price - Mark-to-market adjustments(22)(17)
Average realized gold price - Final pricing adjustments134 36 
Average realized gold price - Final metal adjustments29 25 
Average realized gold price - Mt. Milligan - Third party1,681 1,333 
Average realized gold price - Mt. Milligan - Combined1,213 1,003 
   
Average realized sales price for gold - Consolidated1,487 1,229 
   

      (1)       Excludes ounces sold at Öksüt.

Average realized sales price for Copper - Mount Milligan
The average realized copper price per pound is calculated by dividing copper sales revenue, together with the final pricing adjustments and mark-to-market adjustments per pound, as shown in the table below:

Average realized sales price for Copper - Mount MilliganThree months ended March 31,
 2020 2019 
   
Copper sales reconciliation ($ millions)  
Copper sales related to cash portion of Royal Gold stream1.4 1.0 
Mark-to-market adjustments on Royal Gold stream0.4 (0.3)
Final adjustments on sales to Royal Gold0.3 (0.6)
Total copper sales under Royal Gold stream2.1 0.1 
   
Copper sales to third party customers40.7 29.1 
Mark-to-market adjustments(4.8)1.5 
Final pricing adjustments(1.0)4.3 
Final metal adjustments(0.2)(0.6)
Total copper sales to third party customers34.7 34.3 
Copper sales, net of adjustments36.8 34.4 
Refining and treatment costs(3.8)(3.4)
Copper sales32.9 31.0 
   
Pounds of copper sold (000's lbs)  
Pounds sold to Royal Gold3,839 2,356 
Pounds sold to third party customers16,585 10,166 
Total pounds sold20,423 12,522 
   
Average realized sales price for copper on a per pound basis  
Copper sales related to cash portion of Royal Gold stream0.37 0.42 
Mark-to-market adjustments on Royal Gold stream0.11 (0.11)
Final pricing adjustments on Royal Gold stream0.07 (0.26)
Average realized copper price - Royal Gold0.55 0.05 
   
Average realized copper price - Third party2.45 2.87 
Average realized copper price - Mark-to-market adjustments(0.29)0.15 
Average realized copper price - Final pricing adjustments(0.06)0.42 
Average realized copper price - Metal pricing adjustments(0.01)(0.06)
Average realized copper price - Third party2.09 3.38 
   
Average realized copper price - Combined1.61 2.49 
   


Qualified Person & QA/QC – Production, Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources

Other than exploration related information, all scientific and technical information in this document including metal recoveries were prepared, reviewed, verified and compiled by Centerra’s geological and mining staff under the supervision of John Fitzgerald, Professional Engineer and Centerra’s Vice President, Projects and Technical Services, who is the qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101.

Centerra Gold Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position
(Unaudited)  March 31, December 31,
   2020  2019 
(Expressed in thousands of United States Dollars)       
         
Assets       
Current assets       
 Cash   $ 193,845   $42,717 
 Amounts receivable   97,685   79,022 
 Inventories   756,954   774,060 
 Other current assets   30,817   36,869 
     $ 1,079,301   $932,668 
Property, plant and equipment   1,644,697   1,669,516 
Reclamation deposits   47,095   40,999 
Other assets   21,780   58,470 
     $ 1,713,572   $1,768,985 
Total assets   $ 2,792,873   $2,701,653 
         
Liabilities and Shareholders' equity       
Current liabilities       
 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   $ 210,234   $238,339 
 Revenue-based taxes payable   17,389   744 
 Taxes payable   1,462   1,034 
 Other current liabilities   20,504   4,692 
     $ 249,589   $244,809 
Long-term debt   134,742   70,007 
Deferred income tax liability   35,749   33,733 
Provision for reclamation   284,542   265,049 
Other liabilities   19,764   22,211 
     $ 474,797   $391,000 
Shareholders' equity       
 Share capital   961,354   960,404 
 Contributed surplus   26,533   26,278 
 Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (11,015)  (752)
 Retained earnings   1,091,615   1,079,914 
     $ 2,068,487   $2,065,844 
Total liabilities and Shareholders' equity   $ 2,792,873   $2,701,653 
        
         
 

 

Centerra Gold Inc.       
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)  
    Three months ended March 31,
    2020   2019 
(Expressed in thousands of United States Dollars)      
(except per share amounts)      
        
Revenue   $ 374,045   $334,040 
         
Cost of sales       
  Production costs   164,634   171,774 
  Depreciation, depletion and amortization   73,022   54,432 
 Standby costs   6,764   - 
Earnings from mine operations   $ 129,625   $107,834 
         
 Care and maintenance expense   6,788   7,323 
 Exploration expenses and business development   9,503   8,286 
 Corporate administration   3,446   9,699 
 Revenue-based taxes   35,105   27,394 
 Other operating expenses   40,739   2,968 
Earnings from operations   $ 34,044   $52,164 
         
 Other expense (income), net   7,570   (141)
 Finance costs   3,601   3,982 
Earnings before income tax   $ 22,873  $48,323 
 Income tax expense (recovery)   2,865   (2,114)
Net earnings   $ 20,008   $50,437 
         
Other Comprehensive Income        
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to earnings:    
 Net (loss) gain on translation of foreign operation  (2,956)  797 
 Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax   (7,307)  (197)
Other comprehensive (loss) income    $ (10,263)  $600 
Total comprehensive income   $ 9,745   $51,037 
         
Basic earnings per share  $0.07  $0.17 
Diluted earnings per share   $0.06  $0.17 
         
 

 

Centerra Gold Inc.     
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows  
(Unaudited)  Three months ended March 31,
   
   2020  2019 
(Expressed in thousands of United States Dollars)     
Operating activities    
Net earnings $20,008 $50,437 
       
Adjustments for the following items:     
 Depreciation, depletion and amortization  74,730  55,735 
 Finance costs  3,601  3,982 
 Share-based compensation (recovery) expense  (3,239) 6,700 
 Inventory impairment  7,488  - 
 Income tax expense (recovery), net  2,865  (2,114)
 Reclamation expense  26,440  436 
 Income tax refund (paid)  10,864  (827)
 Other  540  (142)
Cash provided by operations before changes in operating
  working capital
 $143,297 $114,207 
 Change in operating working capital  (22,142) 4,546 
Cash provided by operations $121,155 $118,753 
       
Investing activities     
 Net changes to property, plant and equipment  (44,134) (61,761)
 Decrease in restricted cash  25,841  16 
 Increase in other assets  (7,218) (4,707)
Cash used in investing $(25,511)$(66,452)
       
Financing activities     
 Debt drawdown  136,000  54,820 
 Debt repayment  (77,472) (76,000)
 Payment of interest and borrowing costs  (2,065) (2,949)
 Lease payments  (1,737) (1,401)
 Proceeds from common shares issued  758  1,945 
Cash provided by (used in) financing $55,484 $(23,585)
Increase in cash during the period  151,128  28,716 
Cash at beginning of the period  42,717  151,705 
Cash at end of the period $193,845 $180,421 
       
 

The Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the three months ended March 31, 2020 have been filed on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (‘SEDAR’) at www.sedar.com and are available at the Company’s web site at: www.centerragold.com.

2Y Historical Performance Key Currencies Kumtor Mount Miligan

Pièces jointes

Q1_2020_CG-Combined_Exploration-Results 13-Q1 News Release_MDA-Final.pdf