Syneos Health Reports First Quarter 2020 Results


Highlights

  • GAAP revenue of $1,163.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing growth of 4.0%, 3.8% on an adjusted basis, and 4.4% on a constant currency adjusted basis compared to the same period in 2019.

  • Net new business awards of $1,531.6 million and $5,724.7 million for the three and twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.32x and 1.21x, respectively.

    • Clinical Solutions segment net new business awards of $1,224.2 million and $4,451.3 million for the three and twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.40x and 1.27x, respectively. Clinical Solutions net new business awards represented a record first quarter and drove backlog growth of 12.3%.

    • Commercial Solutions segment net new business awards of $307.4 million and $1,273.4 million for the three and twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.07x and 1.04x, respectively.

  • GAAP net income of $33.6 million and GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.32 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

  • Adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.68 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing growth of 15.3% compared to the same period in 2019.

  • Adjusted EBITDA of $137.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing growth of 1.8% compared to the same period in 2019.

  • Although not issuing financial guidance at this time, the Company believes that its proactive cost management strategies will allow it to maintain a full year 2020 adjusted EBITDA margin in the range of 13% to 14% under various potential scenarios.

MORRISVILLE, N.C., April 30, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Syneos Health (Nasdaq:SYNH), a leading biopharmaceutical solutions organization combining a Contract Research Organization and a Contract Commercial Organization, today reported financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

“From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we’ve taken decisive actions to help ensure the well-being of our employees, customers and patients, including implementing rapid virtual engagement and remote monitoring. I am pleased that we maintained that important focus, while delivering solid first quarter results and strong net new business awards, sustaining our recent momentum and reaffirming the long-term strength of our model,” said Alistair Macdonald, Chief Executive Officer, Syneos Health. “We remain committed to advancing our customers’ complex therapies in creative ways that adhere to all safety and regulatory protocols, respect the guidelines of our site partners and proactively mitigate the impact to our business and customers’ timelines.”

First Quarter 2020 Results

Please refer to the “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures” included in this press release and accompanying tables for important disclosures about non-GAAP measures and a reconciliation of these measures to the nearest GAAP measures.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, GAAP revenue increased 4.0% to $1,163.4 million and increased 3.8% compared to the adjusted revenue from the same period in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 4.4% compared to the adjusted revenue from the same period in the prior year. This increase was driven by revenue growth in Clinical Solutions, as discussed below.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, Clinical Solutions GAAP revenue increased 8.7% to $874.8 million, and increased 8.5% compared to the adjusted revenue from the same period in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 9.2% compared to the adjusted revenue from the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to higher revenue from net new business awards and faster growth in reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses, partially offset by the negative impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, Commercial Solutions GAAP revenue decreased 8.1% to $288.5 million from the same period in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 8.0%. This decrease was primarily due to an unfavorable revenue mix and slower growth in reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses.

GAAP net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $33.6 million, resulting in diluted earnings per share of $0.32, compared to GAAP net loss of $30.0 million, or diluted loss per share of $0.29, for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increases in GAAP net income and diluted earnings per share were primarily due to a higher operating margin and lower interest expense.

Adjusted net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $71.5 million, resulting in adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.68, compared to adjusted net income of $62.1 million, or adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.59 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increases in adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share were primarily due to lower interest expense and growth in adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 1.8% to $137.4 million from the prior year period, representing a decrease in adjusted EBITDA margin from 12.0% to 11.8%. This decrease in adjusted EBITDA margin was driven primarily by the Commercial Solutions margin contraction, partially offset by the Clinical Solutions margin growth.

Net new business awards were $5,724.7 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.21x. Clinical Solutions net new business awards were $4,451.3 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.27x. Commercial Solutions net new business awards were $1,273.4 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, representing a book-to-bill ratio of 1.04x. These net new business awards contributed to an ending backlog of $9,207.5 million as of March 31, 2020, consisting of $8,549.4 million for Clinical Solutions and $658.1 million for the Deployment Solutions offering within Commercial Solutions.

COVID-19 Update

Update on Operations

As a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, Syneos Health implemented contingency planning to protect employee health and well-being during the first quarter of 2020. The Company has instructed employees to work remotely where possible and has also implemented travel restrictions as well as visitor protocols. The Company's response is led by a dedicated Business Continuity Transition Management Office (or “TMO”), which combines the project management discipline of the Company’s Trusted Process, with its well-established transition management leadership. The TMO manages and monitors employee safety, along with the rapid and seamless transition to remote operations, while ensuring consistent business performance.

Within Clinical Solutions, the Company is experiencing limitations accessing investigative sites due to the impact from COVID-19. As of mid-April, approximately 10% of the Company’s clinical trial sites were inaccessible. Of the sites that remain accessible, 80% to 90% are allowing at least some level of virtual activity.

Accordingly, the Company has implemented remote monitoring activities to help mitigate the impact in Clinical Solutions. The Company has also partnered with the Association of Clinical Research Organizations to create a harmonized risk-based monitoring approach that is aligned with regulatory agencies. The Company currently expects to convert 70% to 80% of its site visits to remote monitoring during the second quarter, using a highly tailored approach.

Within Commercial Solutions, the Deployment Solutions field teams are facing limitations on their abilities to physically visit healthcare providers (“HCP”s), delays of existing projects, and travel restrictions. However, these teams made a rapid transition to virtual operations, and by mid-March, 90% of field teams had been successfully transitioned to a work from home environment. The Company believes its integrated Deployment Solutions services remain essential for customers in the current environment given the business currently derives over 60% of its revenue from top 50 pharma, over 80% of field teams support chronic care therapies where total prescription volume remains stable, and approximately 90% of current call activity is outside of the hospital setting.

In light of the current situation, the Company has initiated proactive cost management strategies to enhance its operational and financial flexibility. To minimize the margin impact from the short-term revenue headwinds, the Company has taken a number of actions, including the following:

  • accelerated ForwardBound margin enhancement initiative,
  • delayed hiring of non-billable headcount,
  • reduced or eliminated third party costs and non-essential contractors,
  • implemented temporary salary reduction for the Board of Directors, executives, and highly compensated individuals,
  • suspended 401k match,
  • executed voluntary furloughs, and
  • rationalized portfolio of services

The above cost management strategies are being appropriately balanced with the Company's continued commitment to maintain excellent delivery quality and quickly re-accelerate work activities for the benefit of its customers. 

Liquidity and Capital Management Update

The Company remains confident in its liquidity position, which includes cash on hand and access to its revolving credit facility. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company drew $300.0 million on its revolving credit facility to supplement cash reserves, leaving a remaining capacity of $280.8 million as of March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 600,000 shares of common stock, representing a total purchase price of approximately $32.0 million, before pausing repurchases to preserve liquidity. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had remaining repurchase authorization of $136.3 million, which is available through the end of 2020. However, the Company does not intend to repurchase any additional shares during the second quarter and will continue to evaluate the program on a quarterly basis as market conditions evolve.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company also executed additional interest rate swaps with a notional value of $549.2 million to further reduce variable rate debt cost. The execution of these swaps increased the fixed rate portion of debt from 36% at December 31, 2019, to 54% at March 31, 2020.

Webcast and Conference Call Details

Syneos Health will host a conference call at 8:00 a.m. ET on April 30, 2020, to discuss its first quarter 2020 financial results. The live webcast will be available in listen-only mode in the Events section of the Company's Investor Relations website at investor.syneoshealth.com. To participate via phone, please dial +1 877 930 8058 within the United States or +1 253 336 7551 outside the United States approximately 15 minutes before the scheduled start of the call. The conference ID for the call is 2042879.

An archived replay of the conference call is expected to be available online at investor.syneoshealth.com after 1:00 p.m. ET on April 30, 2020. In addition, an audio replay will be available for one week following the call and will be accessible by dialing +1 855 859 2056 within the United States or +1 404 537 3406 outside the United States. The audio replay ID is 2042879.

About Syneos Health

Syneos Health® (Nasdaq:SYNH) is the only fully integrated biopharmaceutical solutions organization. The Company, including a Contract Research Organization (CRO) and Contract Commercial Organization (CCO), is purpose-built to accelerate customer performance to address modern market realities. Syneos Health brings together approximately 24,000 clinical and commercial minds with the ability to support customers in more than 110 countries. The Company shares insights, uses the latest technologies, and applies advanced business practices to speed its customers’ delivery of important therapies to patients. To learn more about how Syneos Health is shortening the distance from lab to life® visit syneoshealth.com.

Forward-Looking Statements 

Except for historical information, all of the statements, expectations, and assumptions contained in this press release are forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial results and financial condition, anticipated financial results for the full year 2020 and plans for cost savings and capital deployment. Actual results might differ materially from those explicit or implicit in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to: reliance on key personnel; principal investigators and patients; general and international economic, political, and other risks, including currency and stock market fluctuations and the uncertain economic environment; risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the Company's ability to adequately price its contracts and not overrun cost estimates; any adverse effects from the Company's customer or therapeutic area concentration; the Company's ability to maintain or generate new business awards; the Company's ability to increase its market share, grow its business, and execute its growth strategies; the Company's backlog not being indicative of future revenues and its ability to realize the anticipated future revenue reflected in its backlog; fluctuations in the Company's operating results and effective income tax rate; risks related to the Company's information systems and cybersecurity; changes and costs of compliance with regulations related to data privacy; risks related to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union; risks related to the Company's transfer pricing policies; failure to perform services in accordance with contractual requirements, regulatory requirements and ethical considerations; risks relating to litigation and government investigations; risks associated with the Company's early phase clinical facilities; insurance risk; risks of liability resulting from harm to patients; success of investments in the Company's customers’ business or drugs; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; risks associated with acquired businesses, including the ability to integrate acquired operations, products, and technologies in our business; risks related to the Company's income tax expense and tax reform; risks relating to the Company's intellectual property; risks associated with the Company's acquisition strategy; failure to realize the full value of goodwill and intangible assets; restructuring risk; potential violations of anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws; risks related to the Company's dependence on third parties; downgrades of the Company's credit ratings; competition in the biopharmaceutical services industry; changes in outsourcing trends; regulatory risks; trends in the Company's customers’ businesses; the Company's ability to keep pace with rapid technological change; risks related to the Company's indebtedness; fluctuations in the Company's financial results and stock price; and other risk factors set forth in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as updated by the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and other SEC filings, copies of which are available free of charge on the Company's website at investor.syneoshealth.com. The Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to the financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), this press release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted revenue, segment adjusted revenue, adjusted net income (including adjusted diluted earnings per share), EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, and non-GAAP effective tax rate. We also present adjusted revenue growth in constant currency. Constant currency revenue growth is defined as revenues for a given period restated at the comparative period's foreign currency exchange rates measured against the comparative period's adjusted revenues.

A “non-GAAP financial measure” is generally defined as a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance that excludes or includes amounts from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statements of operations, balance sheets, or statements of cash flows of the Company.

The Company defines adjusted revenue and segment adjusted revenue as GAAP revenue and segment revenue, respectively, adjusted to include revenue eliminated as a result of purchase accounting.

The Company defines adjusted net income (including adjusted diluted earnings per share) as net income (including diluted earnings per share) excluding acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustments; acquisition-related amortization; restructuring and other costs; transaction and integration-related expenses; share-based compensation expense; gain or loss on extinguishment of debt; other income (expense), net; the income tax effect of the above adjustments; and the impact of the base erosion and anti-abuse tax.

EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, further adjusted to exclude expenses and transactions that the Company believes are not representative of its core operations, namely: acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustments; restructuring and other costs; transaction and integration-related expenses; share-based compensation expense; other income (expense), net; and gain or loss on extinguishment of debt. The Company presents EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA because it believes they are useful metrics for investors as they are commonly used by investors, analysts and debt holders to measure the Company's ability to fund capital expenditures and meet working capital requirements. 

Each of the non-GAAP measures noted above are used by management and the Board to evaluate the Company's core operating results because they exclude certain items whose fluctuations from period-to-period do not necessarily correspond to changes in the core operations of the business. Adjusted net income (including adjusted diluted earnings per share) and adjusted EBITDA are used by management and the Board to assess the performance of the Company's business.

Non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with the Company's results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Also, other companies might calculate these measures differently. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures included in this press release and the accompanying tables.

Investor Relations Contact:Press/Media Contact:
  
Ronnie SpeightDanielle DeForge
Senior Vice President, Investor RelationsExecutive Director, External Communications
Phone: +1 919 745 2745Phone: +1 781 425 2624
Email: Investor.Relations@syneoshealth.comEmail: danielle.deforge@syneoshealth.com


Syneos Health, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2020 2019
  
Revenue$1,163,355  $1,119,006 
    
Costs and operating expenses:   
Direct costs (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)924,014  886,802 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses117,970  113,117 
Restructuring and other costs8,720  14,413 
Transaction and integration-related expenses7,577  16,658 
Depreciation17,225  19,571 
Amortization38,882  41,629 
Total operating expenses1,114,388  1,092,190 
Income from operations48,967  26,816 
    
Other (income) expense, net:   
Interest income(336) (1,502)
Interest expense26,458  34,630 
Loss on extinguishment of debt  4,355 
Other (income) expense, net(18,930) 8,921 
Total other expense, net7,192  46,404 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes41,775  (19,588)
Income tax expense8,201  10,416 
Net income (loss)$33,574  $(30,004)
    
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders:   
Basic$0.32  $(0.29)
Diluted$0.32  $(0.29)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:   
Basic104,265  103,365 
Diluted105,642  103,365 


Syneos Health, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value)
(unaudited)

 March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
ASSETS   
Current assets:   
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$335,960  $163,689 
Accounts receivable and unbilled services, net1,340,648  1,303,641 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets97,929  94,834 
Total current assets1,774,537  1,562,164 
Property and equipment, net195,620  203,926 
Operating lease right-of-use assets218,437  218,531 
Goodwill4,323,436  4,350,380 
Intangible assets, net925,389  973,081 
Deferred income tax assets34,239  37,012 
Other long-term assets118,634  108,701 
Total assets$7,590,292  $7,453,795 
    
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY   
Current liabilities:   
Accounts payable$112,312  $136,686 
Accrued expenses504,351  568,911 
Deferred revenue689,672  696,907 
Current portion of operating lease obligations40,130  38,055 
Current portion of finance lease obligations17,044  17,777 
Current portion of long-term debt77,500  58,125 
Total current liabilities1,441,009  1,516,461 
Long-term debt2,831,722  2,550,395 
Operating lease long-term obligations215,375  218,343 
Finance lease long-term obligations32,077  36,914 
Deferred income tax liabilities8,989  11,101 
Other long-term liabilities83,198  90,927 
Total liabilities4,612,370  4,424,141 
    
Commitments and contingencies    
    
Shareholders' equity:   
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019   
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 600,000 shares authorized, 104,161 and 103,866 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively1,042  1,039 
Additional paid-in capital3,430,740  3,441,471 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes(131,111) (71,593)
Accumulated deficit(322,749) (341,263)
Total shareholders' equity2,977,922  3,029,654 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$7,590,292  $7,453,795 


Syneos Health, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:   
Net income (loss)$33,574  $(30,004)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization56,107  61,200 
Share-based compensation15,998  14,267 
Provision for doubtful accounts271  1,302 
Provision for deferred income taxes8,159  1,544 
Foreign currency transaction gains(15,019) (77)
Fair value adjustment of contingent obligations(4,095) 724 
Loss on extinguishment of debt  4,355 
Other non-cash items1,104  (643)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Accounts receivable, unbilled services, and deferred revenue(53,078) (25,471)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(66,426) (26,682)
Other assets and liabilities(15,202) (13,821)
Net cash used in operating activities(38,607) (13,306)
Cash flows from investing activities:   
Purchases of property and equipment(11,870) (11,445)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates(6,750)  
Net cash used in investing activities(18,620) (11,445)
Cash flows from financing activities:   
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of discount  183,195 
Payments of debt financing costs  (184)
Repayments of long-term debt  (216,136)
Proceeds from accounts receivable financing agreement6,600  26,500 
Repayments of accounts receivable financing agreement(6,600)  
Proceeds from revolving line of credit300,000   
Payments of contingent consideration related to business combinations(26,592) (8)
Payments of finance leases(4,674) (1,274)
Payments for repurchases of common stock(32,029) (26,616)
Proceeds from exercises of stock options12,358  19,724 
Payments related to tax withholdings for share-based compensation(19,145) (11,539)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities229,918  (26,338)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (420) 3,078 
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash172,271  (48,011)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period163,689  155,932 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period$335,960  $107,921 


Syneos Health, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2020 2019
Adjusted revenue:   
Revenue, as reported$1,163,355  $1,119,006 
Acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustment (a)  1,594 
Adjusted revenue$1,163,355  $1,120,600 
    
Segment adjusted revenue:   
Clinical Solutions revenue, as reported$874,826  $804,958 
Acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustment (a)  1,594 
Clinical Solutions adjusted revenue$874,826  $806,552 
    
Commercial Solutions revenue, as reported$288,529  $314,048 
Acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustment (a)   
Commercial Solutions adjusted revenue$288,529  $314,048 


 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2020 2019
EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:   
Net income, as reported$33,574  $(30,004)
Interest expense, net26,122  33,128 
Income tax expense8,201  10,416 
Depreciation17,225  19,571 
Amortization (b)38,882  41,629 
EBITDA124,004  74,740 
Acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustment (a)  1,594 
Restructuring and other costs (c)8,720  14,413 
Transaction and integration-related expenses (d)7,577  16,658 
Share-based compensation (e)15,998  14,267 
Other (income) expense, net (f)(18,930) 8,921 
Loss on extinguishment of debt (g)  4,355 
Adjusted EBITDA$137,369  $134,948 
Adjusted EBITDA margin11.8% 12.0%


Syneos Health, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2020 2019
Adjusted net income:   
Net income, as reported$33,574  $(30,004)
Acquisition-related deferred revenue adjustment (a)  1,594 
Amortization (b)38,882  41,629 
Restructuring and other costs (c)8,720  14,413 
Transaction and integration-related expenses (d)7,577  16,658 
Share-based compensation (e)15,998  14,267 
Other (income) expense, net (f)(18,930) 8,921 
Loss on extinguishment of debt (g)  4,355 
Income tax adjustment to normalized rate (h)(14,364) (17,262)
Impact of base erosion and anti-abuse tax (i)  7,527 
Adjusted net income$71,457  $62,098 
    
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding:   
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding, as reported105,005 103,365
Effect of certain securities considered anti-dilutive under GAAP  1,438 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding105,642 104,803
    
Adjusted diluted earnings per share$0.68  $0.59 
  1. Represents non-cash adjustments resulting from the revaluation of deferred revenue and the subsequent elimination of revenue in purchase accounting in connection with business combinations.
  2. Represents the amortization of intangible assets associated with acquired customer relationships, backlog, and trademarks.
  3. Restructuring and other costs consist primarily of: (i) severance costs associated with a reduction/optimization of our workforce in line with our expectations of future business operations; (ii) termination costs in connection with abandonment and closure of redundant facilities and other lease-related charges; and (iii) consulting costs incurred for the continued consolidation of legal entities and restructuring of our contract management process to meet the requirements of accounting regulation changes.
  4. Represents fees associated with business combinations, stock repurchases and secondary stock offerings, debt placement and refinancings, and other corporate transactions costs.
  5. Represents non-cash share-based compensation expense related to awards granted under equity incentive plans.
  6. Other expense (income) is comprised primarily of foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
  7. Loss on extinguishment of debt is associated with debt prepayments and refinancing activities.
  8. Represents the income tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments made to arrive at adjusted net income using an estimated effective tax rate of approximately 24.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 24.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. These rates have been adjusted to exclude tax impacts related to valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets.
  9. Represents the net income tax expense recorded as a result of the base erosion and anti-abuse tax.