Constellium Reports Third Quarter 2023 Results


PARIS, Oct. 25, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Constellium SE (NYSE: CSTM) today reported results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Third quarter 2023 highlights:

  • Shipments of 369 thousand metric tons, down 5% compared to Q3 2022
  • Revenue of €1.7 billion, down 15% compared to Q3 2022
  • Value-Added Revenue (VAR) of €704 million, up 5% compared to Q3 2022
  • Net income of €64 million compared to net income of €131 million in Q3 2022
  • Adjusted EBITDA of €168 million, up 5% compared to Q3 2022
  • Cash from Operations of €154 million and Free Cash Flow of €78 million

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 highlights:

  • Shipments of 1.2 million metric tons, down 5% compared to YTD 2022
  • Revenue of €5.6 billion, down 10% compared to YTD 2022
  • VAR of €2.2 billion, up 11% compared to YTD 2022
  • Net income of €118 million compared to net income of €278 million in YTD 2022
  • Adjusted EBITDA of €542 million, up 3% compared to YTD 2022
  • Cash from Operations of €321 million and Free Cash Flow of €112 million
  • Net debt / LTM Adjusted EBITDA of 2.5x at September 30, 2023

Jean-Marc Germain, Constellium’s Chief Executive Officer said, “Constellium delivered strong results in the third quarter despite significant inflationary pressures and demand headwinds in several end markets. Adjusted EBITDA of €168 million is a third quarter record and includes record third quarter performance by A&T. Looking across our end markets, aerospace demand remains strong. Automotive demand decelerated slightly during the quarter but remains above prior year levels. Packaging shipments were down in the quarter though demand appears to have stabilized following the last several quarters of destocking. We continued to experience weakness in most industrial markets, especially in Europe. Free Cash Flow generation in the third quarter was strong at €78 million and we reduced our leverage to 2.5x.”

Mr. Germain concluded, “We expect recent demand trends in our markets to continue through the remainder of 2023. Based on our current outlook, in 2023 we still expect Adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of €700 million to €720 million and Free Cash Flow in excess of €150 million. We also remain confident in our ability to deliver on our long-term target of Adjusted EBITDA over €800 million in 2025. Our focus remains on executing our strategy, driving operational performance, generating Free Cash Flow, achieving our ESG objectives and increasing shareholder value.”

Group Summary

 Q3
2023
Q3
2022
Var.YTD
2023
YTD
2022
Var.
Shipments (k metric tons)369387(5)%1,1561,212(5)%
Revenue (€ millions)1,7202,022(15)%5,6266,276(10)%
VAR (€ millions)7046735 %2,2432,02911 %
Net income (€ millions)64131n.m.118278n.m.
Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions)1681605 %5425253 %
Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€)45341210 %4694338 %
The difference between the sum of reported segment revenue and total group revenue includes revenue from certain non-core activities and inter-segment eliminations. The difference between the sum of reported segment Adjusted EBITDA and the Group Adjusted EBITDA is related to Holdings and Corporate.
 

For the third quarter of 2023, shipments of 369 thousand metric tons decreased 5% compared to the third quarter of last year due to lower shipments in each of our segments. Revenue of €1.7 billion decreased 15% compared to the third quarter of the prior year primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix. VAR of €704 million increased 5% compared to the third quarter of the prior year primarily due to improved price and mix, partially offset by lower shipments, unfavorable metal costs and unfavorable foreign exchange translation. Net income of €64 million decreased €67 million compared to net income of €131 million in the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted EBITDA of €168 million increased 5% compared to the third quarter of last year due to stronger results in our A&T segment, partially offset by weaker results in our P&ARP and AS&I segments.

For the first nine months of 2023, shipments of 1.2 million metric tons decreased 5% compared to the first nine months of 2022 due to lower shipments in the P&ARP and AS&I segments. Revenue of €5.6 billion decreased 10% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix. VAR of €2.2 billion increased 11% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to improved price and mix, partially offset by lower shipments, unfavorable metal costs and unfavorable foreign exchange translation. Net income of €118 million decreased €160 million compared to net income of €278 million in the first nine months of 2022. Adjusted EBITDA of €542 million increased 3% compared to the first nine months of 2022 due to stronger results in our A&T segment, partially offset by weaker results in our P&ARP and AS&I segments.

Results by Segment

Packaging & Automotive Rolled Products (P&ARP)

 Q3
2023
Q3
2022
Var.
YTD
2023
YTD
2022
Var.
Shipments (k metric tons)261267(2)%792835(5)%
Revenue (€ millions)9541,140(16)%3,0333,656(17)%
Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions)6778(14)%201255(21)%
Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€)256291(12)%254305(17)%
         

For the third quarter of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €67 million decreased 14% compared to the third quarter of 2022 as a result of lower shipments, higher operating costs mainly due to inflation, operating challenges at our Muscle Shoals facility and unfavorable metal costs, and unfavorable foreign exchange translation, partially offset by improved price and mix. Shipments of 261 thousand metric tons decreased 2% compared to the third quarter of the prior year due to lower shipments of packaging and specialty rolled products, partially offset by higher shipments of automotive rolled products. Revenue of €1.0 billion decreased 16% compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix.

For the first nine months of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €201 million decreased 21% compared to the first nine months of 2022 as a result of lower shipments and higher operating costs mainly due to inflation, operating challenges at our Muscle Shoals facility and unfavorable metal costs, partially offset by improved price and mix. Shipments of 792 thousand metric tons decreased 5% compared to the first nine months of 2022 due to lower shipments of packaging and specialty rolled products, partially offset by higher shipments of automotive rolled products. Revenue of €3.0 billion decreased 17% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix.

Aerospace & Transportation (A&T)

 Q3
2023
Q3
2022
Var.YTD
2023
YTD
2022
Var.
Shipments (k metric tons)5355(3)%1711701%
Revenue (€ millions)404432(6)%1,3201,2783%
Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions)794576 %24816155%
Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€)1,4808078 %1,43894452%
         

For the third quarter of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €79 million increased 76% compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to improved price and mix, partially offset by lower shipments, higher operating costs mainly due to inflation and unfavorable foreign exchange translation. Shipments of 53 thousand metric tons decreased 3% compared to the third quarter of 2022 on higher shipments of aerospace rolled products, more than offset by lower shipments of transportation, industry and defense (TID) rolled products. Revenue of €404 million decreased 6% compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments, lower metal prices and unfavorable foreign exchange translation, partially offset by improved price and mix.

For the first nine months of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €248 million increased 55% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to improved price and mix, partially offset by higher operating costs mainly due to inflation and increased activity levels. Shipments of 171 thousand metric tons increased 1% compared to the first nine months of 2022 on higher shipments of aerospace rolled products, mostly offset by lower shipments of TID rolled products. Revenue of €1.3 billion increased 3% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to improved price and mix, partially offset by lower metal prices.

Automotive Structures & Industry (AS&I)

 Q3
2023
Q3
2022
Var.
YTD
2023
YTD
2022
Var.
Shipments (k metric tons) 5565(15)%193207(7)%
Revenue (€ millions)370473(22)%1,2961,433(10)%
Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions)2635(27)%108118(8)%
Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€)467544(14)%560570(2)%
 

For the third quarter of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €26 million decreased 27% compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and higher operating costs mainly due to inflation, partially offset by improved price and mix. Shipments of 55 thousand metric tons decreased 15% compared to the third quarter of 2022 due to lower shipments of automotive and other extruded products. Revenue of €370 million decreased 22% compared to the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix.

For the first nine months of 2023, Adjusted EBITDA of €108 million decreased 8% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and higher operating costs mainly due to inflation, mostly offset by improved price and mix. Shipments of 193 thousand metric tons decreased 7% compared to the first nine months of 2022 due to lower shipments of other extruded products, partially offset by higher shipments of automotive extruded products. Revenue of €1.3 billion decreased 10% compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to lower shipments and lower metal prices, partially offset by improved price and mix.

Net Income

For the third quarter of 2023, net income of €64 million compares to net income of €131 million in the third quarter of the prior year. The decrease in net income is primarily related to the recognition in the prior year of deferred tax assets previously unrecognized of €142 million, partially offset by a gain related to the sale of Constellium Extrusions Deutschland GmbH, favorable changes in gains and losses on derivatives mostly related to our hedging positions, and higher gross profit.

For the first nine months of 2023, net income of €118 million compares to net income of €278 million in the first nine months of the prior year. The decrease in net income is primarily related to the recognition in the prior year of deferred tax assets previously unrecognized of €142 million and lower gross profit, partially offset by a gain related to the sale of Constellium Extrusions Deutschland GmbH.

Cash Flow

Free Cash Flow was €112 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to €160 million in the first nine months of the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to increased capital expenditures and higher cash interest, partially offset by stronger Adjusted EBITDA.

Cash flows from operating activities were €321 million for the first nine months of 2023 compared to cash flows from operating activities of €323 million in the first nine months of the prior year.

Cash flows used in investing activities were €161 million for the first nine months of 2023 compared to cash flows used in investing activities of €163 million in the first nine months of the prior year. In the first nine months of 2023, cash flows used in investing activities included €47 million of net proceeds from the sale of Constellium Extrusion Deutschland GmbH in September 2023.

Cash flows used in financing activities were €167 million for the first nine months of 2023 compared to cash flows used in financing activities of €141 million in the first nine months of the prior year. In the first nine months of 2023, Constellium used cash on the balance sheet to reduce short-term borrowings and to redeem $50 million of the $300 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% Senior Notes due 2026. In the first nine months of 2022, Constellium drew on the Pan-U.S. ABL due 2026 and used the proceeds and cash on the balance sheet to repay the €180 million PGE French Facility due 2022 and the CHF 15 million Swiss Facility due 2025.

Liquidity and Net Debt

Liquidity at September 30, 2023 was €746 million, comprised of €159 million of cash and cash equivalents and €587 million available under our committed lending facilities and factoring arrangements.

Net debt was €1,750 million at September 30, 2023 compared to €1,891 million at December 31, 2022.

Outlook

Based on our current outlook, we expect Adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of €700 million to €720 million and Free Cash Flow in excess of €150 million in 2023. We were not impacted by the United Auto Workers union strike in the third quarter, but we do expect some impact in the fourth quarter, which is included in our guidance.

We are not able to provide a reconciliation of this Adjusted EBITDA guidance to net income, the comparable GAAP measure, because certain items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA cannot be reasonably predicted or are not in our control. In particular, we are unable to forecast the timing or magnitude of realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments, metal lag, impairment or restructuring charges, or taxes, without unreasonable efforts, and these items could significantly impact, either individually or in the aggregate, future net income.

Forward-looking statements

Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This press release may contain “forward-looking statements” with respect to our business, results of operations and financial condition, and our expectations or beliefs concerning future events and conditions. You can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as, but not limited to, “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “approximately,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” likely,” “will,” “would,” “could” and similar expressions (or the negative of these terminologies or expressions). All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Many risks and uncertainties are inherent in our industry and markets, while others are more specific to our business and operations. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: market competition; economic downturn; disruption to business operations, including the length and magnitude of disruption resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic; the Russian war on Ukraine; the inability to meet customer demand and quality requirements; the loss of key customers, suppliers or other business relationships; supply disruptions; excessive inflation; the capacity and effectiveness of our hedging policy activities; the loss of key employees; levels of indebtedness which could limit our operating flexibility and opportunities; and other risk factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, and as described from time to time in subsequent reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The occurrence of the events described and the achievement of the expected results depend on many events, some or all of which are not predictable or within our control. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

About Constellium

Constellium (NYSE: CSTM) is a global sector leader that develops innovative, value-added aluminium products for a broad scope of markets and applications, including packaging, automotive and aerospace. Constellium generated €8.1 billion of revenue in 2022.

Constellium’s earnings materials for the third quarter ended September 30, 2023 are also available on the company’s website (www.constellium.com).

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022
 
         
Revenue 1,720  2,022  5,626  6,276  
Cost of sales (1,562) (1,889) (5,094) (5,711) 
Gross profit         158          133          532          565  
Selling and administrative expenses (70) (63) (221) (206) 
Research and development expenses (11) (11) (37) (32) 
Other gains and losses - net 41  (29) (15) (53) 
Income from operations         118          30          259          274  
Finance costs - net (36) (36) (106) (98) 
Income / (loss) before tax         82          (6)         153          176  
Income tax (expense) / benefit (18) 137  (35) 102  
Net income         64          131          118          278  
Net income attributable to:        
Equity holders of Constellium 64  130  115  273  
Non-controlling interests   1  3  5  
Net income         64          131          118          278  
              
Earnings per share attributable to the equity
holders of Constellium, (in Euros)
             
Basic 0.44  0.90  0.79  1.90  
Diluted 0.43  0.88  0.77  1.86  
              
Weighted average number of shares,
(in thousands)
             
Basic         146,820          144,302          145,897  143,398  
Diluted 148,704  146,759  148,704          146,759  
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
         
Net income         64          131          118  278  
Other comprehensive income        
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to
the consolidated income statement
        
Remeasurement on post-employment benefit
obligations
 26  26  30  181  
Income tax on remeasurement on post-
employment benefit obligations
 (6) (9) (8) (39) 
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the
consolidated income statement
        
Cash flow hedges (6) (12) (2) (27) 
Income tax on cash flow hedges 2  3  1  7  
Currency translation differences 20  47  7  89  
Other comprehensive income         36          55          28  211  
Total comprehensive income         100          186          146  489  
Attributable to:        
Equity holders of Constellium 99  184  143  483  
Non-controlling interests 1  2  3  6  
Total comprehensive income         100          186          146  489  
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)

(in millions of Euros) At September 30, 2023 At December 31, 2022 
      
Assets     
Current assets     
Cash and cash equivalents 159 166 
Trade receivables and other 642 539 
Inventories 1,137 1,320 
Other financial assets 34 31 
          1,972         2,056 
Non-current assets     
Property, plant and equipment 2,020 2,017 
Goodwill 482 478 
Intangible assets 50 54 
Deferred tax assets 228 271 
Trade receivables and other 40 43 
Other financial assets 3 8 
          2,823         2,871 
Assets of disposal group classified as held for sale  14 
Total Assets         4,795         4,941 
      
Liabilities     
Current liabilities     
Trade payables and other 1,354 1,467 
Borrowings 54 148 
Other financial liabilities 46 41 
Income tax payable 15 16 
Provisions 21 21 
          1,490         1,693 
Non-current liabilities     
Trade payables and other 64 43 
Borrowings 1,855 1,908 
Other financial liabilities 14 14 
Pension and other post-employment benefit obligations 369 403 
Provisions 88 90 
Deferred tax liabilities 4 28 
          2,394         2,486 
Liabilities of disposal group classified as held for sale  10 
Total Liabilities         3,884         4,189 
      
Equity     
Share capital 3 3 
Share premium 420 420 
Retained earnings and other reserves 466 308 
Equity attributable to equity holders of Constellium         889         731 
Non-controlling interests 22 21 
Total Equity         911         752 
      
Total Equity and Liabilities         4,795         4,941 
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in millions of
Euros)
 Share
capital
 Share
premium
 Re
measure
ment
 Cash
flow
hedges
 Foreign
currency
translation
reserve
 Other
reserves
 Retained
earnings
 Total  Non-
controlling
interests
 Total
equity

 
At January 1,
2023
         3         420         28          (10)         41         101         148          731         21          752  
Net income         115          115 3          118  
Other
comprehensive
income / (loss)
   22  (1) 7            28           28  
Total
comprehensive
income / (loss)
         —         —         22          (1)         7         —         115          143         3          146  
Share-based
compensation
        15           15           15  
Other   (1)     1          —           —  
Transactions with
non-controlling
interests
                   — (2)         (2) 
At September 30,
2023
         3         420         49          (11)         48         116         264          889         22          911  
 
(in millions of
Euros)
 Share
capital
 Share
premium
 Re
measure
ment
 Cash
flow
hedges
 Foreign
currency
translation
reserve
 Other
reserves
 Retained
(deficit) /
earnings
 Total Non-
controlling
interests
 Total
equity

 
At January 1,
2022
         3         420         (94)         (4)         19         83         (153)         274         17          291  
Net income         273          273 5          278  
Other
comprehensive
income / (loss)
   142  (20) 88            210 1          211  
Total
comprehensive
income / (loss)
         —         —         142          (20)         88         —         273          483         6          489  
Share-based
compensation
        13           13           13  
Transactions with
non-controlling
interests
                   —           —  
At September 30,
2022
         3         420         48          (24)         107         96         120          770         23          793  
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
         
Net income 64  131  118  278  
Adjustments        
Depreciation and amortization 77  73  221  209  
Pension and other post-employment benefits
service costs
 5  7  16  18  
Finance costs - net 36  36  106  98  
Income tax expense / (benefit) 18  (137) 35  (102) 
Unrealized (gains) / losses on derivatives - net
and from remeasurement of monetary assets
and liabilities - net
 (23) (18) 5  67  
(Gains) / losses on disposal (36) 1  (30) 2  
Other - net 5  4  15  12  
Change in working capital        
Inventories 25  18  175  (238) 
Trade receivables 133  195  (91) (92) 
Trade payables (109) (119) (123) 206  
Other 14  (1) 20  3  
Change in provisions (1) (3) (3) (7) 
Pension and other post-employment benefits paid (11) (12) (30) (33) 
Interest paid (33) (31) (96) (85) 
Income tax paid (10) 10  (17) (13) 
Net cash flows from operating activities         154          154          321          323  
         
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (76) (80) (210) (164) 
Property, plant and equipment grants received     1  1  
Proceeds from disposals, net of cash 48    48    
Net cash flows used in investing activities         (28)         (80)         (161)         (163) 
         
Repayments of long-term borrowings (46) (2) (51) (188) 
Net change in revolving credit facilities and short-
term borrowings
 (90) (57) (83) 67  
Lease repayments (13) (7) (29) (27) 
Payment of financing costs and redemption fees   (1)   (1) 
Transactions with non-controlling interests     (3) (2) 
Other financing activities 1  5  (1) 10  
Net cash flows used in financing activities         (148)         (62)         (167)         (141) 
         
Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash
equivalent
         (22)         12          (7)         19  
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period 178  156  166  147  
Transfer of cash and cash equivalents classified
from / (to) assets classified as held for sale
 2    1    
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents
 1  3  (1) 5  
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period         159          171          159          171  
 

SEGMENT ADJUSTED EBITDA

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022
 2023 2022 
P&ARP 67  78  201  255  
A&T 79  45  248  161  
AS&I 26  35  108  118  
Holdings and Corporate (4) 2  (15) (9) 
Total         168          160          542          525  
 

SHIPMENTS AND REVENUE BY PRODUCT LINE

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in k metric tons) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
Packaging rolled products 187  196  564  623  
Automotive rolled products 68  64  209  184  
Specialty and other thin-rolled products 6  7  19  28  
Aerospace rolled products 23  19  74  55  
Transportation, industry, defense and other rolled
products
 30  36  97  115  
Automotive extruded products 27  29  93  89  
Other extruded products 28  36  100  118  
Total shipments         369          387          1,156          1,212  
         
(in millions of Euros)        
Packaging rolled products 630  792  2,014  2,629  
Automotive rolled products 286  308  902  879  
Specialty and other thin-rolled products 38  40  117  148  
Aerospace rolled products 234  184  758  510  
Transportation, industry, defense and other rolled
products
 171  248  562  768  
Automotive extruded products 213  248  723  721  
Other extruded products 157  225  573  712  
Other and inter-segment eliminations (9) (23) (23) (91) 
Total revenue         1,720          2,022          5,626          6,276  
 

NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliation of Revenue to VAR (a non-GAAP measure)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended September
30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
Revenue 1,720  2,022  5,626  6,276  
Hedged cost of alloyed metal (1,037) (1,414) (3,435) (4,191) 
Revenue from incidental activities (6) (5) (20) (16) 
Metal price lag 27  70  72  (40) 
VAR         704          673          2,243          2,029  
              

Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended September
30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
Net income          64          131          118          278  
Income tax expense / (benefit) 18  (137) 35  (102) 
Income / (loss) before tax          82          (6)         153          176  
Finance costs - net 36  36  106  98  
Income from operations          118          30          259          274  
Depreciation and amortization 77  73  221  209  
Unrealized (gains) / losses on derivatives (23) (19) 5  65  
Unrealized exchange losses from the
remeasurement of monetary assets and
liabilities - net
   1    2  
Share based compensation costs 5  4  15  13  
Metal price lag (A) 27  70  72  (40) 
(Gains) / losses on disposal (36) 1  (30) 2  
Adjusted EBITDA          168          160          542          525  
 
(A)    Metal price lag represents the financial impact of the timing difference between when aluminium prices included within Constellium's Revenue are established
         and when aluminium purchase prices included in Cost of sales are established. The Group accounts for inventory using a weighted average price basis and
         this adjustment aims to remove the effect of volatility in LME prices. The calculation of the Group metal price lag adjustment is based on a standardized
         methodology calculated at each of Constellium’s manufacturing sites and is primarily calculated as the average value of product recorded in inventory, which
         approximates the spot price in the market, less the average value transferred out of inventory, which is the weighted average of the metal element of cost of
         sales, based on the quantity sold in the period.
 

Reconciliation of net cash flows from operating activities to Free Cash Flow (a non-GAAP measure)

  Three months ended
September 30,
 Nine months ended
September 30,

 
(in millions of Euros) 2023 2022 2023 2022 
Net cash flows from operating activities         154          154          321          323  
Purchases of property, plant and equipment,
net of grants received
         (76)         (80)         (209)         (163) 
Free Cash Flow         78          74          112          160  
 

Reconciliation of borrowings to Net debt (a non-GAAP measure)

(in millions of Euros) At September 30, 2023 At December 31, 2022
 
Borrowings 1,909  2,056  
Fair value of net debt derivatives, net of margin calls   1  
Cash and cash equivalents (159) (166) 
Net debt 1,750          1,891  
 

Non-GAAP measures

In addition to the results reported in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), this press release includes information regarding certain financial measures which are not prepared in accordance with IFRS (“non-GAAP measures”). The non-GAAP measures used in this press release are: VAR, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton, Free Cash Flow and Net debt. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures are presented in the schedules to this press release. We believe these non-GAAP measures are important supplemental measures of our operating and financial performance. By providing these measures, together with the reconciliations, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business, our results of operations and our financial position, as well as assisting investors in evaluating the extent to which we are executing our strategic initiatives. However, these non-GAAP financial measures supplement our IFRS disclosures and should not be considered an alternative to the IFRS measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

Value-Added Revenue (“VAR”) is defined as revenue, excluding revenue from incidental activities, minus cost of metal which includes, cost of aluminium adjusted for metal lag, cost of other alloying metals, freight out costs, and realized gains and losses from hedging. Management believes that VAR is a useful measure of our activity as it eliminates the impact of metal costs from our revenue and reflects the value-added elements of our activity. VAR eliminates the impact of metal price fluctuations which are not under our control and which we generally pass-through to our customers and facilitates comparisons from period to period. VAR is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to revenue determined in accordance with IFRS. 

In considering the financial performance of the business, management and our chief operational decision maker, as defined by IFRS, analyze the primary financial performance measure of Adjusted EBITDA in all of our business segments. The most directly comparable IFRS measure to Adjusted EBITDA is our net income or loss for the period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA, as defined below, is useful to investors and is used by our management for measuring profitability because it excludes the impact of certain non-cash charges, such as depreciation, amortization, impairment and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives as well as items that do not impact the day-to-day operations and that management in many cases does not directly control or influence. Therefore, such adjustments eliminate items which have less bearing on our core operating performance.

Adjusted EBITDA measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of Constellium and in comparison to other companies, many of which present an Adjusted EBITDA-related performance measure when reporting their results.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, results from joint ventures, net finance costs, other expenses and depreciation and amortization as adjusted to exclude restructuring costs, impairment charges, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives and on foreign exchange differences on transactions which do not qualify for hedge accounting, metal price lag, share based compensation expense, effects of certain purchase accounting adjustments, start-up and development costs or acquisition, integration and separation costs, certain incremental costs and other exceptional, unusual or generally non-recurring items.

Adjusted EBITDA is the measure of performance used by management in evaluating our operating performance, in preparing internal forecasts and budgets necessary for managing our business and, specifically in relation to the exclusion of the effect of favorable or unfavorable metal price lag, this measure allows management and the investor to assess operating results and trends without the impact of our accounting for inventories. We use the weighted average cost method in accordance with IFRS which leads to the purchase price paid for metal impacting our cost of goods sold and therefore profitability in the period subsequent to when the related sales price impacts our revenues. Management believes this measure also provides additional information used by our lending facilities providers with respect to the ongoing performance of our underlying business activities. Historically, we have used Adjusted EBITDA in calculating our compliance with financial covenants under certain of our loan facilities.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS, is not a measure of financial condition, liquidity or profitability and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period, revenues or operating cash flows determined in accordance with IFRS.

Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditure, net of grants received. Management believes that Free Cash Flow is a useful measure of the net cash flow generated or used by the business as it takes into account both the cash generated or consumed by operating activities, including working capital, and the capital expenditure requirements of the business. However, Free Cash Flow is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to operating cash flows determined in accordance with IFRS. Free Cash Flow has certain inherent limitations, including the fact that it does not represent residual cash flows available for discretionary spending, notably because it does not reflect principal repayments required in connection with our debt or capital lease obligations.

Net debt is defined as borrowings plus or minus the fair value of cross currency basis swaps net of margin calls less cash and cash equivalents and cash pledged for the issuance of guarantees. Management believes that Net debt is a useful measure of indebtedness because it takes into account the cash and cash equivalent balances held by the Company as well as the total external debt of the Company. Net debt is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS, and should not be considered as an alternative to borrowings determined in accordance with IFRS.

Jason Hershiser - Investor RelationsDelphine Dahan-Kocher - External Communications
Phone:   +1 443 988 0600Phone:   +1 443 420 7860
Investor-relations@constellium.comdelphine.dahan-kocher@constellium.com